iindaba

Umlambo onyukayo kunye nosezantsi kwe-5G + ye-industrial chain chain inamandla, kwaye i-intanethi yezinto zokusebenza ingenisa entwasahlobo.

I-5G + ye-industrial chain chain yenza iinzame zokuzisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-Intanethi yezinto.

1.1 Ngexesha le-5G, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-iot ziyakwazi ukuzaliseka

I-5G iphucula ukusebenza kwiimeko ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zesicelo.Ngokwephepha elimhlophe le-5G Vision elipapashwe yi-ITU's International Telecommunication Union, i-5G ichaza iimeko ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zesicelo, Ziyinkonzo ephuculweyo ye-Mobile Broadband (eMBB) ephuculwe kwinkonzo ye-4G ye-broadband yokuqala, i-Ultra High Reliability kunye ne-Low Latency ( Inkonzo ye-urLLC) yemeko efuna impendulo ephezulu ngexesha, kunye nenkonzo yonxibelelwano yomatshini omkhulu (mMTC) kwimeko yokuba inani elikhulu lezixhobo zonxibelelwano zixhunyiwe.I-5G ingcono kakhulu kunenethiwekhi ye-4G esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokwezinga eliphezulu, ukuxinana koxhumo, ukulibaziseka kokuphela kunye nezinye izibonakaliso.Ukusebenza kwe-Spectrum kuphuculwe ngamaxesha angama-5-15, kunye nokusebenza kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kuphuculwe ngamaxesha angaphezu kwe-100.Ukongezelela ekugqithiseni isizukulwana sangaphambili sobuchwephesha bonxibelelwano lweselula ngokwezinga lothumelo, ukuxinana koqhagamshelwano, ukulibaziseka, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezinye izibonakaliso, uhlaziyo lwexesha le-5G luxhaswa ngakumbi zizibonakaliso zokusebenza eziphezulu, ezijoliswe kwiimeko ezithile zoshishino, ukwenzela ukuba ukubonelela ngesakhono seenkonzo ezidibeneyo.

Iimeko zokunxibelelana kwe-Iot zintsonkothile kwaye zahlukene.Imiboniso ye-terminal ye-Intanethi yeZinto ibonakaliswe ngamanani amakhulu, ukuhanjiswa okubanzi, ubukhulu betheminali eyahlukeneyo, kunye nemisebenzi entsonkothileyo neyahlukeneyo.Ngokwamanqanaba othumelo ahlukeneyo, iimeko zesicelo se-Intanethi yeZinto zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinkonzo zesantya esisezantsi ezimelwe kukufunda imitha obukrelekrele, ukukhanya kwesitrato esikrelekrele kunye nokupaka okukrelekrele, iinkonzo zesantya esiphakathi-esezantsi ezimelwe zizixhobo ezinxitywayo, oomatshini bePOS kunye nobukrelekrele. izinto zokusebenza, kunye neenkonzo zesantya esiphezulu ezimelwe kukuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo, unyango lwezonyango olude kunye nokuhlolwa kwevidiyo.

Umgangatho we-5G we-R16 ubonelela ngokupheleleyo ngeenkonzo eziphezulu - kunye nesantya esisezantsi kuthungelwano lwendawo ebanzi.Ukujongana neemeko ezintsonkothileyo zosetyenziso lwe-Intanethi yeZinto, iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezamkelweyo ngoku nazo zintsonkothile kakhulu.Ngokwemigama eyahlukeneyo yothumelo, iimeko zothumelo lwenethiwekhi engenazingcingo ze-Intanethi yeZinto zinokuhlulwa zibe kufutshane nonxibelelwano lwentsimi (NFC), inethiwekhi yendawo ye-LOCAL (LAN) kunye nenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (i-WIDE-area network).Imigangatho ye-5G ibhekisela kwimigangatho yobugcisa kwinethiwekhi yendawo ye-WIDE (WAN).NgoJulayi ka-2020, umgangatho we-5G R16 wawukhenkcezisiwe, umgangatho we-NB-iot weendawo zesantya esisezantsi neziphakathi zibandakanyiwe, kwaye iCat 1 yakhawuleza ukuthatha indawo ye-2G/3G, ngaloo ndlela iqonda uphuhliso lomgangatho wenkonzo ye-5G epheleleyo.Ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi losulelo, i-NBIoT, i-Cat1 kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji zohlulwe zibe yinethiwekhi yeNdawo ebanzi yamandla aphantsi (LPWAN), enokuqonda ukuhanjiswa komqondiso ongekho mgama omde kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkonzo zesantya esisezantsi/esiphakathi-esisezantsi esifana nokufundwa kweemitha ezikrelekrele, isibane sesitalato esikrelekrele kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele ezinxitywayo.I-4G / 5G yindlela yokuhanjiswa kwexesha elide, enokuthi isetyenziswe kwi-surveillance yevidiyo, i-telemedicine, ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kunye nezinye iimeko zezoshishino ze-high-speed ezifuna ukusebenza kwexesha langempela.

1.2 Ukwehla kwexabiso lemodyuli ye-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nokutyebisa kwesicelo esisezantsi, ikhonkco leshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto

Ikhonkco loshishino lwe-Intanethi yeZinto lunokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemigangatho emine: umaleko wombono, umaleko wezothutho, umaleko weqonga kunye nomgangatho wesicelo.Ngokwenyani, i-Intanethi yeZinto sisandiso se-Intanethi.Kwisiseko sonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu, i-Intanethi yeZinto ibeka ugxininiso ngakumbi kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu kunye nezinto kunye naphakathi kwezinto.Umaleko wokuqonda sisiseko sedatha ye-Intanethi yeZinto.Ifumana izibonakaliso ze-analog ngokusebenzisa i-sensors, emva koko iguqulelwe kwiimpawu zedijithali, kwaye ekugqibeleni idlulisele kuluhlu lwesicelo ngoluhlu lwezothutho.Umaleko wothumelo ikakhulu unoxanduva lokucutshungulwa kunye nokuhambisa imiqondiso efunyenwe ngumaleko wokuva, onokuthi wahlulwe kwi-wireless transmission kunye ne-wireless transmission, phakathi kwayo i-wireless transmission yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuhambisa.Uluhlu lweqonga luluhlu lokudibanisa, olungagcini nje ukulawula izixhobo ze-terminal ezisezantsi, kodwa zibonelela ngomhlaba wokufakwa kwezicelo phezulu.

Ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso likhulile kwaye liphezulu iindleko zemathiriyeli ethotyiweyo, amaxabiso emodyuli ancitshiswe kakhulu.Imodyuli engenazingcingo idibanisa itshiphu, inkumbulo kunye namanye amacandelo, kwaye ibonelela ngojongano olusemgangathweni ukuqonda unxibelelwano okanye umsebenzi wokumisa we-terminal, eyona nto ingundoqo ukudibanisa umaleko wokuqonda kunye nomgangatho womnatha.I-China, uMntla Melika kunye neYurophu yimimandla emithathu enemfuno enkulu yeemodyuli zonxibelelwano lweselula.Ngokutsho kweTechno Systems Research, ukuthunyelwa kwehlabathi jikelele kweemodyuli zonxibelelwano lweselula kwi-Intanethi yezinto ziya kukhula zibe yi-313.2 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2022. Ixabiso leemodyuli ze-2G / 3G / NB-iot liye lancitshiswa kakhulu phantsi kwezinto ezimbini zokukhula kokukhula. Ikhonkco leshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nenkqubo yokukhawulezisa yokutshintsha iitships ezenziwe e-China, eye yanciphisa iindleko zamashishini emodyuli.Ngokukodwa, imodyuli ye-nB-iot, ngo-2017, ixabiso layo lalisekho kwinqanaba lasekhohlo nasekunene le-yuan eyi-100, ukuphela kwe-2018 ukuya kwi-yuan engama-22 ngaphantsi, ixabiso le-2019 liye lafana ne-2G, okanye lingaphantsi.Ixabiso leemodyuli ze-5G kulindeleke ukuba lehle ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwekhonkco lezoshishino, kunye neendleko eziphantsi kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-chips ezinyukayo ziya kuncipha ngokunyuka kokuthunyelwa.

Izicelo ezisezantsi kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso ziya zisanda kakhulu.Emva kweminyaka eliqela yophuhliso, ngakumbi nangakumbi usetyenziso lwe-Intanethi olusuka kwiplani lube yinyani, njengokwabelwana ngebhayisikile ekwabelwanayo ngayo, ubutyebi bokutshaja ekwabelwana ngaso, isixhobo sokuhlawula esingenazingcingo, isango elingenazingcingo, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, isixeko esikrelekrele, ubulumko, amandla, iot izicelo ezifana nomatshini ongenamntu, irobhothi, ukulandeleka kokutya, ukunkcenkceshela komhlaba, ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo, ukulandelela isithuthi, ukuqhuba ngobukrelekrele kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi zezithuthi kufuneka zisetyenziswe.I-boom kwishishini le-iot iqhutywe kakhulu kukuvela kwezicelo ezisezantsi.

1.3 Iingxilimbela zonyusa utyalo-mali ukukhuthaza uqoqosho oluqhubekayo oluphezulu lwe-Intanethi yeZinto

Uqhagamshelwano sisiqalo se-Intanethi yezinto.Usetyenziso kunye nonxibelelwano lukhuthaza omnye nomnye kwaye i-Intanethi yezinto iyaqhubeka nokukhula.Unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo yindawo yokuqala ye-Intanethi yezinto.Iiterminals ezahlukeneyo ziqhagamshelwe, kwaye izicelo ziyenziwa.Usetyenziso olutyebileyo lutsala abasebenzisi abaninzi kunye noqhagamshelo olungakumbi lwe-Intanethi yeZinto.

Ngokwengxelo ye-GSMA, inani le-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto zonxibelelwano liya kuphinda liphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-12 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-24.6 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025. Ukusukela kwisicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu ye-13, ubungakanani bentengiso ye-Intanethi yeZinto e-China bukhula ngokuthe ngcembe. .NgokwePhepha leNgcaciso yeNgcaciso ye-Intanethi (ngo-2020) yeZiko loLwazi kunye noNxibelelwano laseTshayina, inani le-Intanethi yeZinto zokuqhagamshelwa e-China yayiyi-3.63 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2019, phakathi kwayo i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto ibalelwa kumlinganiselo omkhulu, ikhula ukusuka kwi-671 yezigidi. ngo 2018 ukuya 1.03 billion ekupheleni 2019. Nge 2025, inani uqhagamshelo iot e China kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele 8.01 billion, kunye nezinga lokukhula konyaka compound 14.1%.Ngowama-2020, isikali sekhonkco loshishino lwe-Intanethi yeZinto e-China sigqithile kwi-1.7 yetriliyoni yeyuan, kwaye isikali semizi-mveliso ye-Intanethi yeZinto silonke sigcine izinga lokukhula lonyaka lama-20% ngexesha le-13 leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu.

Inani loqhagamshelo lwe-iot liza kudlula inani lokudityaniswa kwe-non-iot okokuqala ngqa ngo-2020, kwaye izicelo ze-iot zingangena kwixesha lokuqhuma.Ukujonga emva kwindlela yophuhliso lwe-Intanethi ephathwayo, okokuqala, inani loqhagamshelo lweselula liphumelele ukukhula okukhulu, kwaye unxibelelwano luvelise idatha enkulu, kwaye isicelo siqhushumba.Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba ngo-2011, ukuthunyelwa kweefowuni ze-smart kugqithise ukuthunyelwa kwe-PCS okokuqala.Ukusukela ngoko, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-Intanethi ephathwayo lukhokelele ekuqhambukeni kwezicelo.Ngo-2020, inani le-Intanethi yeZinto (i-IoT) yoqhagamshelo kwihlabathi liphela ligqithise inani loqhagamshelo lwe-non-iot okokuqala ngqa, ngokwengxelo yokulandela umkhondo evela kwi-IoT Analytics.Ngokomthetho, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi yezinto kuya kukhokelela ekuqhambukeni.

Izigebenga zonyuse utyalo-mali kwi-Intanethi yeZinto ukukhawulezisa ukuthengiswa kwesicelo sayo.KwiNkomfa ye-HiLink Ecology ngo-Matshi ka-2019, uHuawei ubeke ngokusesikweni isicwangciso se- "1+8+N" okokuqala, emva koko wasungula izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-terminal ezifana ne-smart watch Watch GT 2, FreeBuds 3 wireless headphones, ukuze ngokuthe ngcembe ityebisa i-IoT ecology yayo.Ngomhla we-17 ku-Epreli, ngo-2021, imoto yokuqala ehlakaniphile ene-Hongmeng OS, i-Alpha S, yaziswa ngokusemthethweni, okuthetha ukuba iHuawei iya kubandakanya iimoto ezihlakaniphile kubume bayo bendalo.Kungekudala emva koko, nge-2 kaJuni, uHuawei uqalise ngokusemthethweni iHarmonyOS 2.0, inkqubo yokusebenza ye-IoT yendalo yonke edibanisa i-PCS, iipilisi, iimoto, izinto ezinxitywayo, kunye nokunye.Ngokuphathelele u-Xiaomi, ekuqaleni kuka-2019, u-Xiaomi ubhengeze ukuqaliswa kwesicwangciso se-injini ye-"mobile phone x AIoT", kwaye iphakanyiswe ngokusemthethweni i-AIoT ukuya kubude beqhinga lokubeka ugxininiso olulinganayo kwishishini leefowuni eziphathwayo.Ngo-Agasti ka-2020, u-Xiaomi wabhengeza ngokusesikweni ukuba isicwangciso sakhe esiphambili kule minyaka ilishumi izayo siza kuphuculwa ukusuka “kwifowuni ephathwayo + i-AIoT” ukuya “kwifowuni ephathwayo × AIoT”.I-Xiaomi isebenzisa ii-hardware zayo ezahlukeneyo ukuqhuba ukuthengiswa kwayo yonke imizobo, kubandakanya imiboniso yasekhaya, imiboniso yobuqu kunye ne-AIoT yemiboniso yobomi obukrelekrele.

2 Iot ezantsi isicelo sokukama

2.1 Iimoto eziqhagamshelwe ngobukrelekrele: Imigangatho yobugcisa yokufika + uncedo lomgaqo-nkqubo, izinto ezimbini eziphambili ziqhuba uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-Intanethi yeZithuthi.

Ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso ye-Intanethi yeZithuthi ikakhulu ibandakanya abavelisi bezixhobo, ababoneleli benkonzo ye-TSP, abasebenzi bonxibelelwano, njl. njl. abavelisi kunye nabaphuhlisi besoftware, umlambo osezantsi uqulunqwe ikakhulu ngumnikezeli wenkonzo ekude yemoto (TSP), ababoneleli ngenkonzo yomxholo, abaqhubi bezonxibelelwano kunye nomthengisi wokudibanisa inkqubo.

Umboneleli ngenkonzo ye-TSP ngundoqo wayo yonke ikhonkco leshishini le-Intanethi yeZithuthi.Umvelisi wesixhobo se-terminal ubonelela ngenkxaso yesixhobo kwi-TSP;umboneleli wenkonzo yomxholo ubonelela ngokubhaliweyo, umfanekiso, nolwazi lwemultimedia kwi-TSP;umqhubi wonxibelelwano oluphathwayo ubonelela ngenkxaso yenethiwekhi ye-TSP;kunye ne-system integrator ithenga i-hardware efunekayo ye-TSP.

I-5G C-V2X ekugqibeleni isemhlabeni, ivumela i-Intanethi yeemoto.I-V2X (isithuthi) iteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwamacingo sisithuthi esiqhagamshelwe kuyo yonke enye into engenye yeleta yobuchwepheshe bolwazi, kubandakanywa i-V egameni lesithuthi, i-X imele nayiphi na into yolwazi oluhlangeneyo lwemoto, intsebenziswano phakathi kwemodeli yolwazi kuquka iimoto kunye nemoto (V2V) , phakathi kwesithuthi kunye nendlela (V2I), imoto (V2P), naphakathi kwabantu naphakathi kothungelwano (V2N) njalo njalo.

I-V2X ineentlobo ezimbini zonxibelelwano, i-DSRC (Unxibelelwano olufutshane olunikezelweyo) kunye ne-C-V2X (i-Cellular Vehicle Networking).I-DSRC yanyuswa njengomgangatho osemthethweni yi-IEEE ngo-2010, kwaye yakhuthazwa kakhulu yi-United States.I-C-v2x ngumgangatho we-3GPP kwaye ityhalwa yi-China.I-C-v2x ibandakanya i-LTEV2X kunye ne-5G-V2X, kunye ne-lT-V2X esemgangathweni eguquguqukayo ngokufanelekileyo ukuya kwi-5G-V2X kunye nokuhambelana okuhle komva.I-C-v2x inikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwe-DSRC, kubandakanywa nenkxaso yonxibelelwano olude lomgama, ukusebenza okungcono okungekho kumgca wokubona, ukuthembeka okukhulu, kunye nomthamo ophezulu.Ukongezelela, ngelixa i-802.11p-based based DSRC idinga inani elikhulu le-Rsus entsha (iiyunithi zecala lendlela), i-C-V2X isekelwe kuthungelwano lweenyosi kwaye ngoko ingasetyenziswa kwakhona kunye neenethiwekhi ze-4G / 5G zangoku kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo zokuthunyelwa.NgoJulayi ka-2020, umgangatho we-5G R16 uza kube ukhenkcezwe.I-5G kunye nokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweemeko ezininzi zenethiwekhi ezifana ne-V2V kunye ne-V2I, kunye ne-5G-V2X iteknoloji iya kuphunyezwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukukhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi ezixhunyiwe ze-zhaopin.

I-United States ibheka ngokusemthethweni ukuya kwi-C-V2X.Nge-8 kaNovemba ka-2020, ikomishini yonxibelelwano yomanyano (FCC) yagqiba ngokusemthethweni ukuba yabele i-30MHz ephezulu (5.895-5.925GHz) yebhendi ye-5.850-5.925GHz kwi-c-v2x.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-DSRC, eyonwabele i-75MHz spectrum kuphela iminyaka engama-20, ishiywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-United States itshintshe ngokusemthethweni kwi-c-v2x.

Ukuphela komgaqo-nkqubo kunceda ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwe-Intanethi yezithuthi.Ngo-2018, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ikhuphe iSicwangciso sokuSebenza soPhuhliso lwe-Intanethi yeZithuthi (IiThuthi eziNgqongileyo kunye neziQhagamshelweyo) Ishishini, elicebise ukufezekisa injongo yophuhliso lwe-Intanethi yezoThutho kwishishini ngokwezigaba.Inqanaba lokuqala kukufezekisa izinga lokungena kwi-Intanethi yabasebenzisi beZithuthi ngaphezu kwe-30% ngo-2020, kwaye isigaba sesibini sisemva kwe-2020. Izithuthi ezihlakaniphile ezixhunyiwe kunye nemisebenzi yokuqhubela phambili yokuzimela kunye ne-5G-V2X ngokuthe ngcembe isetyenziswa kwinqanaba elikhulu. kwishishini lezorhwebo, ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lentsebenziswano phakathi "kwabantu, iimoto, iindlela kunye nelifu".NgoFebruwari 2020, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe, kunye neSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi kunye namanye amasebe ali-11 kunye neekomishoni, ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe iSicwangciso soPhuhliso oluNtsha lweZithuthi eziSmart.Icebise ukuba ngo-2025, i-lT-V2X kunye nolunye uthungelwano lonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo luya kugutyungelwa kwiindawo, kwaye i-5G-V2X iya kusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwezinye iivenkile ezinkulu kunye nee-expressways.Emva koko, ngo-Epreli ka-2021, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weZindlu kunye noPhuhliso lwamaPhandle kunye neSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ngokudibeneyo bakhupha isaziso, bechonga izixeko ezithandathu, kuquka iBeijing, iShanghai, iGuangzhou, iWuhan, iChangsha kunye neWuxi, njengeqela lokuqala leedolophu. izixeko ezilingwayo zophuhliso lwentsebenziswano lweziseko ezingundoqo zesixeko kunye nezithuthi eziqhagamshelwe kakuhle.

Usetyenziso lwezorhwebo lwe-"5G + Internet of Vehicles" luqalisiwe.Ngomhla we-19 ka-Apreli, i-2021, i-China Mobile kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezininzi zikhuphe ngokubambisana "Iphepha ELIMHLOPHE kwi-5G ye-Vehicle Networking Technology kunye noVavanyo" ukukhawulezisa ukuphunyezwa kwezicelo zenethiwekhi ye-5G yezithuthi.I-5G iya kutyebisa kakhulu iinkonzo zolwazi, ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezithuthi kwi-Intanethi yeZithuthi.Umzekelo, ngokusekwe kwiimeko ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze-EMBB, i-urLLC kunye ne-mMTC, inokubonelela ngeenkonzo zolwazi ngokulandelelanayo njenge-on-board AR/VR video call, i-AR navigation kunye ne-car-time-lease loan.Iinkonzo zokhuseleko lokuqhuba ezifana nokubonwa ngexesha lokwenyani lokuqhuba, uthintelo lokuntlitheka kwabahambi ngeenyawo kunye nokuthintela ukubiwa kwezithuthi, kunye neenkonzo zobuchule bezithuthi ezifana nepanoramic synthesis, ukuqhuba ukubunjwa kunye nokwabelana ngendawo yokupaka.

2.2 I-Smart Home: Umgangatho woQhagamshelwano uMba usekwe ukukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kobukrelekrele bendlu yonke.

Emva kweminyaka eliqela yophuhliso, ikhonkco leshishini lasekhaya laseTshayina licacile.Ikhaya le-Smart lithatha indawo yokuhlala njengeqonga, kwaye lidibanisa i-audio kunye nevidiyo, ukukhanya, umoya womoya, ukhuseleko kunye nezinye izixhobo ekhaya nge-Intanethi yezinto zobuchwepheshe, ukubonelela ngemisebenzi kunye neendlela ezifana nokulawula nokubeka iliso.Ikhonkco leshishini lasekhaya elihlakaniphile libonelela ikakhulu ngehardware kunye nesoftware ehambelana nayo.I-hardware ibandakanya iitshiphusi, izinzwa, i-PCB kunye namanye amacandelo, kunye namacandelo aphakathi afana neemodyuli zonxibelelwano.Ukufikelela okuphakathi kuqulunqwe ikakhulu ngababoneleli bezisombululo zekhaya ezikrelekrele kunye nababoneleli ngemveliso yekhaya elinye;I-Downstream ibonelela abathengi ngeentengiso ze-intanethi kunye ne-offline kunye namava amajelo, kunye neentlobo zamaqonga asekhaya ahlakaniphile kunye nee -apps.

Zininzi iiterminal zasekhaya ezikrelekrele okwangoku, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelo kunye nomgangatho woqhagamshelo, akukho msebenzi ulula ngokwaneleyo, amava omsebenzisi weengxaki, ezinje ngokuba umsebenzisi ukhethe iimveliso zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, zihlala zingaphandle kwemfuno yoncedo, kwaye ngoko ke isiseko somgangatho woqhagamshelwano olumanyeneyo kunye neqonga elihambelanayo eliphezulu yenye yezinto eziphambili zophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwekhonkco loshishino lwasekhaya.

Ikhaya elihlakaniphile likwinqanaba lobukrelekrele lonxibelelwano.Kwangowe-1984, iNkampani yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji ehlangeneyo yaseMelika ijika ingqikelelo yasekhaya ekrelekrele ibe yinyani, yavula umhlaba ukuze kukhuphisane omnye nomnye ukwakha ikhaya elinobulumko ukuthumela ukusuka ngoku kwiprolopreface.

Ngokubanzi, ikhaya elinobulumko linokohlulwa libe ngamanqanaba amathathu: I-Smart Home 1.0 linqanaba lobukrelekrele eligxile kwimveliso yemveliso enye.Eli nqanaba lijolise ikakhulu ekuphuculweni kweemveliso ezihlakaniphile zeendidi ezicandekileyo, kodwa imveliso nganye isasazekile kwaye namava omsebenzisi ahluphekile;2.0 liqonga elinobukrelekrele eligxile kumboniso odityanisiweyo.Okwangoku, ukuphuhliswa kwekhaya elihlakaniphile likule nqanaba.Nge-Intanethi yezinto zetekhnoloji, uqhagamshelo phakathi kwezixhobo ezikrelekrele lunokuphunyezwa, kwaye iseti epheleleyo yezisombululo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile zivela ngokuthe ngcembe;I-3.0 iya kuba sisigaba esigxininiswe kumsebenzisi sobukrelekrele obubanzi, apho inkqubo iya kubonelela abasebenzisi ngezisombululo ezikrelekrele ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, kunye nobukrelekrele bokufakelwa buya kudlala indima ephambili, eya kuba nefuthe lokuguqula ekusebenzisaneni kwe-smart home.

Ngomhla we-11 kuMeyi, ngo-2021, iMatter protocol, umgangatho odibeneyo wasekhaya, wakhululwa.Umba yinkqubo entsha yomaleko wesicelo eyasungulwa yiCSA Connection Standards Alliance (eyayifudula iZigbee Alliance).Ingumgangatho omtsha woxhulumaniso olusekwe kwi-IP oxhomekeke kuphela kwiprotocol ye-IPv6 kuluhlu lwezothutho ukuze ihambelane nemidiya eyahlukeneyo yomzimba kunye nemigangatho yekhonkco yedatha.I-Matter, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-CHIP (i-Connected Home Over IP), yasungulwa ngoDisemba ka-2019 yi-Amazon, i-Apple, i-Google kunye ne-Zigbee Alliance.I-CHIP ijolise ekudaleni i-protocol entsha yaseKhaya esekelwe kumthombo ovulekileyo we-ecosystem.Umcimbi ujonge ukujongana nokuqhekeka kwangoku kweemveliso zasekhaya ezikrelekrele.

Iya kukhatshwa zizicwangciso zebhetshi yokuqala yeentlobo zemveliso eqinisekisiweyo yeMatter kunye neempawu zekhaya ezikrelekrele.Iimveliso zokuqala zeMatter, ezibandakanya izibane kunye nabalawuli, ii-air conditioners kunye ne-thermostats, izitshixo, ukhuseleko, amalengalenga, isango, kunye nokunye, kulindeleke ukuba zifike kwimarike ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, kunye neenkokheli ze-protocol ze-CHIP ezifana ne-Amazon kunye ne-Google, ngokunjalo. njengeHuawei kuluhlu.

I-Hongmeng OS kulindeleke ukuba ikhuthaze ukuphuhliswa kwekhaya elihlakaniphile.IHarmonyOS 2.0, eya kukhutshwa ngoJuni 2021, isebenzisa itekhnoloji esisiseko kwisoftware ukudibanisa izixhobo.Izixhobo ezihlakaniphile aziqhagamshelani kuphela, kodwa zikwasebenzisana, zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba basebenzise izixhobo ezininzi ngokulula njengenye, kubangele amava angcono omsebenzisi.Kwinkomfa yabezindaba yaseHongmeng, uHuawei ugxile ekukhuthazeni i-Intanethi yezinto ze-ecology.Okwangoku, uninzi lwamaqabane ayo asagxile kwintsimi ehlakaniphile yasekhaya, kwaye ukuthatha inxaxheba kukaHongmeng kulindeleke ukuba kukhuthaze uphuhliso olukhawulezayo.

2.3 Izixhobo ezinxitywayo ezihlakaniphileyo: Izixhobo zabathengi abarhweba zihamba phambili kuphuhliso, ngelixa izixhobo zonyango ezichwephesha zibamba

Ikhonkco loshishino lwezixhobo ezinxitywayo ezikrelekrele zahlulwe phezulu / phakathi / ezantsi.Ubukrelekrele obunxitywayo bubhekisa kwizinto ezinxitywayo zezivamvo, kubandakanya yonke imisebenzi yobukrelekrele yabantu kunye nezinto, kwaye indawo yayo yesicelo ibandakanya udidi lwe-Intanethi yeZinto zonke.Isebe lezixhobo ezikrelekrele ezinxitywayo ezijolise ikakhulu kubukrelekrele bomntu zizixhobo ezinxitywayo, ikakhulu ezizizixhobo ezikrelekrele ngendlela “yokunxiba” kunye “nokunxiba” umzimba womntu.Ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso yezixhobo ezinxitywayo ezihlakaniphileyo zahlulwe zaba phezulu/phakathi/ezantsi.Umsinga onyukayo ikakhulu ngababoneleli besoftware kunye nehardware.I-hardware ibandakanya ii-chips, i-sensor, iimodyuli zonxibelelwano, iibhetri, iipaneli zokubonisa, njl., ngelixa isofthiwe ibhekisela ikakhulu kwinkqubo yokusebenza.I-midstream ibandakanya abavelisi bezixhobo ezinxitywayo ezihlakaniphile, ezinokuthi zohlulwe ngokukodwa kwizixhobo zabathengi zorhwebo ezifana ne-smart watch / wristbands, iiglasi ezihlakaniphile kunye nezixhobo zonyango zonyango.I-downstream ye-industrial chain chain ikakhulu ibandakanya amajelo okuthengisa kwi-intanethi / ngaphandle kwe-intanethi kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Izinga lokungena kwezixhobo ezinxitywayo ezihlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuba zonyuke.Ingxelo yokulandela umkhondo ye-IDC ibonisa ukuba kwikota yokuqala ka-2021, ukuthunyelwa kweemarike zezixhobo ezinxitywayo zaseTshayina zazingama-27.29 ezigidi zeeyunithi, phakathi kwazo ukuthunyelwa kwesixhobo esinxitywayo esisi-3.98 sezigidi zeeyunithi, izinga lokungena laliyi-14.6%, ngokusisiseko igcina umyinge wenqanaba leekota zamva nje.Ngokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kolwakhiwo lwe-5G, izixhobo zokunxiba ezihlakaniphile, njengenye yezicelo eziqhelekileyo, kulindeleke ukuba zifezekise ukukhula okuqhubekayo ekulungiseleleni ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwezicelo ezisezantsi ze-Intanethi yezinto.

Njengosetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwe-IoT yabathengi, izixhobo ezinxitywayo zokurhweba zabathengi zikhokela kuphuhliso.Okwangoku, izixhobo zabathengi bezentengiso zezona mveliso ziphambili zentengiso, zibalelwa malunga ne-80% yesabelo semarike (2020), ngakumbi kubandakanya iiwotshi zesandla, iintambo zesandla, izacholo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezixhaswa sisihlahla, izihlangu, iikawusi okanye ezinye iimveliso ezinxitywayo. emlenzeni oxhaswe lunyawo, kunye neeglasi, izigcina-ntloko, amabhande entloko kunye nezinye iimveliso ezixhaswa yintloko.Kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku.Okokuqala, i-hardware kunye nesoftware ebandakanyekayo zilula.Thatha i-sensor, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-hardware yezixhobo kwi-smart wearable devices, umzekelo, i-sensor ye-hardware efakwe kwi-smart wristband kunye ne-smart headset yintshukumo elula / indalo / i-biosensor.Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo zokugqoka ezihlakaniphileyo kukhathalelo lwempilo, ukuhamba, ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo, ishishini kunye neendaba kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi ezinoluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zesicelo;Okwesithathu, inombono oqinileyo wamava kunye nokusebenzisana.Umzekelo, ii-smartwatches zinokufumana idatha yeempawu ezibalulekileyo ngokuhlala kufutshane nolusu, kunye nokubeka iliso kwimithambo kunye nolawulo lwezempilo lunokwenziwa ngokulula nangokukhawuleza.Umzekelo, iiglasi zeVR zinokuqonda ukubanjwa kwentshukumo kunye nokulandela umkhondo wentshukumo, kwaye zenze umboniso omkhulu obonakalayo kwindawo elinganiselweyo ukufikelela kumava okuntywila.

Inani labantu abalupheleyo liqhuba uphuhliso lwebakala lobuchwephesha lwentengiso yesixhobo esinxibayo.NgokoBalo-bantu lweSizwe lwesixhenxe, abantu ababudala bungama-60 nangaphezulu babalelwa kwi-18.7 yeepesenti yabemi besizwe, kwaye abantu ababudala buyiminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu babalelwa kwi-13.5 yeepesenti, i-5.44 kunye ne-4.63 yeepesenti ephezulu kuneziphumo zoBalo lweSizwe lwesithandathu, ngokulandelelanayo. .I-China sele ikuluntu olwalupheleyo, kwaye imfuno yonyango yabantu abadala inyuke kakhulu, izisa amathuba kwimakethi yesixhobo esinxitywayo sobuchwephesha.Kulindeleke ukuba ubungakanani bemakethi yomgangatho wobuchwephesha besixhobo esinxitywayo saseTshayina buya kufikelela kwi-33.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025, ngesantya sokukhula esihlanganisiweyo se-20.01% ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2025.

2.4 I-PCS eQhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo: Imfuno yonxibelelwano ilindeleke ukuba iqhube izinga lokungena kwi-PCS eqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo.

I-PC eqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo, ikhompyutha enokuqhagamshelwa kwi-Intanethi “nanini na, naphi na”.I-PC eqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo yakha imodyuli yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo kwiPC yemveli, eyenza "uqhagamshelo ekuqalisweni" : abasebenzisi banokuvula iinkonzo ze-Intanethi eziphathwayo xa beqala okokuqala, ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngokukhawuleza nangokungenamthungo, nangona kungekho WiFi.Okwangoku, iimodyuli zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiincwadi zamanqaku zoshishino eziphezulu.

Ubhubhani uqhube imfuno yonxibelelwano ngomnxeba, kwaye izinga lokungena kwiimodyuli zonxibelelwano kulindeleke ukuba linyuke.Ngo-2020, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane, ukusebenza ekhaya, ukufunda kwi-intanethi kunye nokufunwa kwakhona kwabathengi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-PC kukhule kakhulu.Ingxelo yokulandela umkhondo ye-IDC ibonisa ukuba kulo lonke u-2020, ukuthunyelwa kwe-PC kwimarike yehlabathi kuya kukhula ngesantya sonyaka se-13.1%.Kwaye ukunyuka kwemfuno yePC kuqhubekile, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwe-PCS yemveli kwihlabathi jikelele ukufikelela kwi-83.6 yezigidi zeeyunithi kwikota yesibini ka-2021, ukunyuka kwe-13.2% ukusuka kunyaka ongaphambili.Kwangaxeshanye, imfuno yabantu yeofisi “nanini na naphi na” yavela ngokuthe ngcembe, iqhuba uphuhliso lwePC edityaniswe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukungena kwePCS eqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo okwangoku ikwinqanaba elisezantsi, kunye neentlawulo zetrafikhi eyona nto ibambe uthungelwano lweselula kwiilaptops.Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamazinga ezithuthi, ukuphuculwa kwe-4G / 5G yokuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi, izinga lokungena kwiimodyuli zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo kwi-PCS kulindeleke ukuba zinyuke, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwe-PCS edibeneyo ngokupheleleyo kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ngakumbi.

3. Uhlalutyo lwamashishini anxulumeneyo

Ngokukhawuleza kothungelwano lonxibelelwano kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo ezinxulumeneyo, imfuno yezinzwa, iimodyuli zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo, ii-terminals ze-Intanethi kunye nezinye i-hardware ziye zanda ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngokulandelayo, siza kwazisa amashishini afanelekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngokweenkcukacha:

3.1 Unxibelelwano olukude

Inkokeli yemodyuli yonxibelelwano olungenacingo, intsimi yemodyuli yokulima ngokunzulu iminyaka elishumi.IYuyuan Communications yasekwa ngo-2010. Emva kweminyaka elishumi yophuhliso, iye yaba ngowona mthengisi mkhulu wemodyuli yeselula kushishino, waqokelela itekhnoloji etyebileyo kunye namava, kwaye uneenzuzo zokukhuphisana kwikhonkco lokubonelela, uPHANDO kunye nophuhliso, imveliso, ukuthengisa, ulawulo kunye nezinto ezininzi. eminye imiba.Inkampani ibandakanyeka kakhulu kuyilo, imveliso, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweemodyuli zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo kunye nezisombululo zabo kwintsimi ye-Intanethi yezinto.Iimveliso zayo zigubungela i-2G / 3G / LTE / 5G / NB-iot iimodyuli zeselula, iimodyuli ze-WiFi & BT, iimodyuli zokubeka i-GNSS kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-antenna ezixhasa iimodyuli.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kuthutho lwezithuthi, amandla akrelekrele, intlawulo engenazingcingo, ukhuseleko olukrelekrele, isixeko esikrelekrele, isango elingenazingcingo, ishishini elihlakaniphile, ubomi obukrelekrele, ezolimo ngobuchule kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi.

Ingeniso kunye nenzuzo iqhubekile ikhula.Ngo-2020, ingeniso yokusebenza yonyaka yenkampani yayiyi-6.106 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, inyuke nge-47.85% ngonyaka;Inzuzo ebuyiselweyo yaba yi-189 yezigidi zeeyuan, inyuke nge-27.71% ngonyaka.Kwikota yokuqala ka-2021, ingeniso yokusebenza yenkampani yayiyi-1.856 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, inyuke nge-80.28% ngonyaka;Inzuzo eseleyo yayizizigidi ezingama-61 zeeyuan, inyuke nge-78.43% ngonyaka.Ukukhula kwengeniso yokusebenza kwenkampani kubangelwe ikakhulu kukwanda kwe-LTE, i-LTEA-A, i-LPWA kunye nomthamo wemodyuli yemodyuli ye-5G.Ngo-2020, ukuthunyelwa kweemodyuli zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo zenkampani zigqithise kwizigidi ezili-100 zamaqhekeza.

Siya kugcina umgangatho ophezulu wotyalo-mali lwe-r&d ukufaka amandla kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo.Ngo-2020, utyalo-mali lwe-R&D lwenkampani lwafikelela kwi-707 yezigidi zeeyuan, ngokukhula konyaka-nyaka ngama-95.41%.Ukonyuka ubukhulu becala kuvela ekwandeni kwembuyekezo, ukuhla kwexabiso notyalo-mali ngokuthe ngqo, apho imbuyekezo yabasebenzi ibalelwa kuma-73.27% kutyalo-mali lwe-R&D.Ngo-2020, inkampani yaseka iziko le-R&D eFoshan, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku inkampani inamaziko amahlanu e-r&d eShanghai, eHefei, eFoshan, eBelgrade naseVancouver.Inkampani inabasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-2000 r & D, ukuba inkampani igcine ngokuqhubekayo kwaye iqalise ngokuhambelana nemfuno yemarike yeemveliso ezintsha ukubonelela ngamandla okugcina.

Phonononga iimeko zokwahlulahlula ukufikelela kwingeniso yeshishini elinamacala amaninzi.Kwi-2020, inkampani yasungula inani leeprojekthi zemodyuli ye-5G yezithuthi, kwaye umthamo weshishini lokufakela iimoto-ngaphambili landa kakhulu.Ibonelele ngeenkonzo ngaphezu kwababoneleli beTier1 abangama-60 kunye nangaphezulu kwama-30 aziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele ii-oems.Ukongeza kwimodyuli yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, inkampani yandise ibhodi yovavanyo ye-EVB, i-eriyali, iqonga lelifu kunye nezinye iinkonzo, phakathi kwazo i-Intanethi yeZinto iqonga lelifu lophando kunye nophuhliso lwenkampani, ukwenzela ukunceda abathengi ukuba bafezekise isiphelo- ukuphelisa iimeko zoshishino ngendlela efanelekileyo nesebenzayo.

Ububanzi kunye 3.2

I-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto izisombululo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo kunye nomboneleli wemodyuli engenazingcingo.I-Fibocom yasekwa kwi-1999 kwaye idweliswe kwi-Shenzhen Stock Exchange ngo-2017, yaba yinkampani yokuqala edweliswe kwishishini lemodyuli yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo yaseChina.Inkampani iphuhlisa ngokuzimeleyo kwaye iyile ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-5G/4G/LTE Cat 1/3G/2G/ NB-iot/LTE Cat M/ Android/imodyuli yenqwelo moya yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, kwaye ibonelela ngonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo lwe-Intanethi. izisombululo zabaqhubi be-telecom, abavelisi bezixhobo ze-IoT kunye nabahlanganisi benkqubo ye-IoT.Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 yokuqokelela i-M2M kunye nobuchwepheshe be-iot, inkampani iye yakwazi ukubonelela ngezisombululo zonxibelelwano ze-iot kunye nezisombululo ezilungiselelwe phantse kuwo onke amashishini amileyo.

Ingeniso yakhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ishishini laphesheya lakhula ngokukhawuleza.Ngo-2020, ingeniso yokusebenza yenkampani yayiyi-2.744 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, inyuke nge-43.26% ngonyaka;Inzuzo eseleyo yayizizigidi ezingama-284 zeeyuan, inyuke nge-66.76% ngonyaka.Ngo-2020, ishishini lenkampani phesheya likhule ngokukhawuleza, lafumana ingeniso ye-1.87 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-61.37%, umlinganiselo wengeniso unyuke ukusuka kwi-60.52% ngo-2019 ukuya kwi-68.17%.Kwikota yokuqala ka-2021, ingeniso yokusebenza yenkampani yayizizigidi ezingama-860 zeeyuan, inyuke ngama-65.03% ngonyaka;Inzuzo yokubuyela ekhaya yayizizigidi ezingama-80 zeeyuan, inyuke nge-54.35% ngonyaka.

Iimveliso zenkampani zibandakanya iM2M/MI iinkalo ezimbini.I-M2M ibandakanya intlawulo yeselula, i-Intanethi yezithuthi, igridi ehlakaniphile, ukujonga ukhuseleko, njl. njl. I-MI ibandakanya ithebhulethi, i-notebook, i-e-book kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-elektroniki zabathengi.Kwi-2014, inkampani ifumene utyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo oluvela kwi-Intel, kwaye ngoko yangena kwintsimi yeekhompyutheni zeencwadana.Iseke ubudlelwane obuhle bentsebenziswano kunye namashishini aphambili anje ngeLenovo, HP, Dell njalo njalo, ngenzuzo ebonakalayo yokuqala.Ngo-2020, ubhubhane ukhokelele ekuqhambukeni kwemfuno yonxibelelwano kunye nokwanda okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kweelaptop.Kwixesha elizayo, ubhubhane uya kuba nefuthe lexesha elide emsebenzini nasebomini, ke kulindeleke ukuba ishishini le-MI lenkampani liqhubeke nokukhula.NgoJulayi ka-2020, inkampani yafumana izinto ze-asethi ze-Sierra Wireless zeshishini lemodyuli yokulayisha iimoto zangaphambili kwihlabathi jikelele ngokusebenzisa i-subsidiary ephethwe ngokupheleleyo ye-Ruling Wireless, kwaye ngokukhutheleyo yasungula uyilo lweqhinga lamazwe ngamazwe lwemarike yokulayisha iimoto ngaphambili.NgoJulayi 12, 2021, iNkampani ikhuphe “iSicwangciso sokukhupha iZahlulo kunye nokuHlawula imali ukuze kuthengwe ii-Asethi nokunyuswa kweeNgxowa-mali ezixhasayo”, iceba ukufumana i-51% ye-Ruiling Wireless, ukuqonda ukuba yi-Ruiling Wireless ephethwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yandise ngakumbi Ukungena kwimarike yenkampani kwi-Intanethi yeZithuthi.

3.3 Shenxela kunxibelelwano

Ubunzulu kulinywe amashumi eminyaka kwintsimi ye-Intanethi yezinto inkokeli yesiphelo.Intshukumo yonxibelelwano yasekwa ngo-2009, ishishini eliphambili kuphando lwezixhobo ze-iot terminal kunye nophuhliso kunye neshishini lokuthengisa, iimveliso zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kulawulo lwezithuthi, ulawulo lwento yomkhondo weselula, unxibelelwano lobuqu kunye neenkalo ezine eziphambili zolawulo lokulandeleka kwezilwanyana, bonelela umthengi, kubandakanya ezothutho, iselula elumkileyo, ifama yobulumko, uqhagamshelo olukrelekrele, kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi zesisombululo.

Emva kokuba uqhambuko luye lwadamba, ingeniso yenkampani kunye nengeniso yembuyekezo iyanda.Ngo-2020, inkampani izuze ingeniso yokusebenza ye-473 yezigidi zeeyuan, phantsi kwe-24.91% ngonyaka;Inzuzo yayo eshiyekileyo yayiyi-90.47 yezigidi zeeyuan, phantsi kwe-44.25% ngonyaka.Kwikota yokuqala ka-2021, ingeniso yokusebenza yayiyi-153 yezigidi zeeyuan, inyuke nge-58.09% ngonyaka;Inzuzo yomninimzi ifikelele kwi-24.73 yezigidi zeeyuan, inyuke nge-28.65% ngonyaka.Ishishini lenkampani ligxininiswe kwimarike yaphesheya, kwaye ingeniso yangaphandle yabalelwa kwi-88.06% ngo-2020. Phakathi kwabo, uMntla Melika kunye noMzantsi Melika, iindawo zokuthengisa eziphambili, zachaphazeleka kakhulu ngubhubhani, owaba nefuthe elithile ukusebenza kwenkampani.Nangona kunjalo, ngokulawulwa kobhubhane ekhaya kunye nokuqalisa ngokuthe ngcembe komsebenzi kunye nemveliso kumazwe aphesheya kweelwandle, iiodolo zokuthengisa zenkampani zanda kakhulu kwaye iimeko zoshishino zayo zaphucuka.

Ukugxininisa kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezasekhaya.Ngamazwe ngamazwe, inkampani iye yaba yinkokeli kwintsimi yeemveliso zokulandelela izilwanyana kwimarike yase-Australia, kwaye iphuhlise iimarike ezibandakanya iYurophu, uMzantsi Melika, uMntla Melika kunye ne-Afrika.Kwiimveliso zokulandelela izilwanyana, inkampani yaqalisa i-platform ye-e-commerce, engaphuculanga kuphela umjikelezo weshishini lonke, kodwa yanciphisa ngempumelelo impembelelo yobhubhane ekuphuhliseni ishishini.E-China, ngoMatshi ka-2021, inkampani yaphumelela ngempumelelo ibhidi ye-Intanethi yezinto zokufunda ileyibhile (esisigxina, ephathwayo) yeprojekthi yokuthengwa kwempahla ye-China Construction Bank Co., LTD., ebonisa ukuba inkampani ngokuthe ngcembe iseke ulwazi lwayo lophawu imarike yasekhaya.

3.4 abasakhulayo

Inkampani yeyona iphambili kwihlabathi kwiimveliso ze-iot zesixeko kunye nomboneleli weenkonzo.I-Gao Xinxing yasekwa kwi-1997 kwaye idweliswe kwi-Growth Enterprise Market kwi-2010. Inkampani iye yazibophelela ekuphandeni nasekuphuhliseni iimveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe obunxulumene nombono, uxhulumaniso kunye nomgangatho weqonga ngokusekelwe kwi-Architecture ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yezinto.Ukuqala ekusetyenzisweni kweshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto ezisezantsi, esekwe kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo ngokubanzi kunye netekhnoloji ye-UHF RFID, inkampani iye yaqonda isicwangciso sesicwangciso sokudityaniswa ngokuthe nkqo kwe "terminal + application" ye-Intanethi yeZinto.Inkampani igxile kwiinkalo zezicelo ezithe nkqo ezifana ne-Intanethi yezithuthi, ukuthuthwa ngobukrelekrele kunye nolwazi lokhuseleko loluntu, kwaye inezisombululo ezininzi ezinje ngedatha yelifu, ukhuseleko lonxibelelwano, imali ehlakaniphile, amapolisa amatsha ahlakaniphile, amandla e-Intanethi yeZinto, isixeko esilumkileyo, uloliwe ohlakaniphile, ulawulo olutsha lwetrafikhi kunye nelifu levidiyo.

Imo engqongileyo enkulu kunye nokuguquguquka kweemarike kukhokelele ekwehleni kwengeniso.Ngo-2020, inkampani izuze ingeniso yokusebenza ye-2.326 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, phantsi kwe-13.63% ngonyaka;Inzuzo eseleyo kumzali - 1.103 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Kwikota yokuqala ka-2021, inkampani izuze ingeniso yokusebenza ye-390 yezigidi zeeyuan kunye nengeniso ye-56.42 yezigidi zeeyuan, ngokusisiseko ayizange itshintshe ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo kulo nyaka uphelileyo.Oku kungenxa yefuthe lemfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwe-China kunye ne-United States kunye nokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 phesheya kolwandle, okuthe kwachaphazela ishishini lenkampani phesheya ngo-2020.

Ubuchwephesha obuphambili be-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nevidiyo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.Inkampani inoluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-Intanethi yezinto zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ezigubungela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano, iimveliso ezikwindawo ephambili yasekhaya, kunye neYurophu, iUnited States, iJapan, iOstreliya kunye nezinye izatifikethi zamazwe ngamazwe.Ukongeza, inkampani ine-Intanethi yetekhnoloji yezithuthi, itekhnoloji ye-UHF RFID, idatha enkulu kunye netekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, itekhnoloji ye-AR kunye nobunye ubugcisa.Ngo-2020, inkampani kunye ne-subsidiaries yayo yokubamba inamalungelo awodwa omenzi asetyenzisiweyo angaphezu kwe-1,200 kunye nesoftware engaphezulu kwe-1,100 yeeCopyrights zesoftware, kunye nokuqondwa okuphezulu kunye nexabiso lemarike.