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Ikamva le-5G ngokwembono yokuthengwa kweqela labaqhubi: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji yee-antenna ezininzi.

Ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, izikhululo zesiseko ze-961,000 ze-5G zakhiwe, i-365 yezigidi ze-5G ii-terminals zefowuni eziphathwayo zixhunyiwe, zibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-80 yeepesenti zehlabathi zizonke, kwaye kwakukho ngaphezulu. ngaphezu kwe-10,000 ye-5G yeemeko zokutsha zesicelo e-China.

Uphuhliso lwaseTshayina lwe-5G lukhawuleza, kodwa alwanelanga.Kungekudala, ukwenzela ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-5G kunye nobubanzi obubanzi kunye nobunzulu, i-China Telecom kunye ne-China Unicom ngokudibeneyo yafumana i-240,000 2.1g izikhululo ze-5G ze-5G, kunye ne-China Mobile kunye nerediyo kunye nomabonwakude ngokuhlangeneyo bafumana i-480,000 700M izikhululo ze-5G, kunye notyalo-mali olupheleleyo lwe-58. billion yuan.

Ishishini linika ingqwalaselo ethe kratya kwisabelo sebhidi sabavelisi basekhaya nabangaphandle, kwaye sifumana indlela yophuhliso ye-5G kwezi zimbini zithengwayo.Abaqhubi abagcini ingqalelo kuphela kumava omsebenzisi afana nomthamo wenethiwekhi ye-5G kunye nesantya, kodwa kwakhona ingqalelo kwi-intanethi ye-5G kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.

I-5G sele ifumaneka ngokurhweba malunga neminyaka emibini kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-1.7 yezigidi ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, kunye nezigidi ezininzi zezikhululo ze-5G eziza kwakhiwa kwiminyaka ezayo (kukho malunga ne-6 yezigidi ze-4G izikhululo zaseChina kunye nokunye. 5G ukuza).

Ke i-5G iya kuya phi ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2021?Abaqhubi bayakha njani i-5G?Umbhali ufumana ezinye iimpendulo eziye zangahoywa kwimfuno yokuthengwa kwempahla kunye neyona ndlela iphambili yomqhubi weteknoloji ye-5G kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

1, ukuba ineenzuzo ezininzi kulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi ye-5G

Ngokunzulu kwe-5G yokuthengisa kunye nokuphuculwa kwezinga lokungena kwe-5G, i-traffic yefowuni yeselula iyanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye abantu baya kuba neemfuno eziphezulu kunye neziphezulu kwisantya kunye nokugubungela inethiwekhi ye-5G.Idatha evela kwi-ITU kunye neminye imibutho ibonisa ukuba ngo-2025, i-DOU ye-5G yomsebenzisi wase-China iya kukhula ukusuka kwi-15GB ukuya kwi-100GB (i-26GB emhlabeni jikelele), kwaye inani le-5G uxhumano luya kufikelela kwi-2.6 yezigidigidi.

Indlela yokuhlangabezana nemfuno ye-5G yexesha elizayo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo nangexabiso eliphantsi ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-5G ephezulu kunye nokugubungela okubanzi, isivinini esikhawulezayo kunye nokuqonda okulungileyo kuye kwaba yingxaki engxamisekileyo kubaqhubi kweli nqanaba.Kufuneka benze ntoni abathwali?

Masiqale ngelona bhendi libaluleke kakhulu.Kwixesha elizayo, iibhendi ze-frequency eziphantsi ezifana ne-700M, 800M kunye ne-900M, i-middle frequency bands efana ne-1.8G, 2.1g, 2.6G kunye ne-3.5g, kunye ne-millimeter wave bands ephezulu iya kuphuculwa ukuya kwi-5G.Kodwa ngokulandelayo, abaqhubi kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba yeyiphi i-spectrum enokuthi ihlangabezane ngcono neemfuno zabasebenzisi bangoku be-5G.

Okokuqala jonga kwi-frequency ephantsi.Iimpawu zebhendi eziphantsi zinokungena okungcono, iinzuzo kwi-coverage, ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi ephantsi kunye neendleko zokugcina, kwaye abanye abaqhubi zizityebi kwizibonelelo zebhendi zamaza, ezaneleyo kwisigaba sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi.

Abaqhubi abasebenzisa i-5G kwiibhendi zamaza aphantsi bajongana neengxaki zokuphazamiseka okuphezulu kunye nezantya ezicothayo zenethiwekhi.Ngokovavanyo, isantya se-low-band 5G sixesha le-1.8 kuphela ngokukhawuleza kunelo nethiwekhi ye-4G ene-low-band efanayo, esekho kuluhlu lwamashumi e-Mbps.Kunokuthiwa yeyona nethiwekhi icothayo ye-5G kwaye ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi kwi-5G cognition kunye namava.

Ngenxa yekhonkco lokuphela kweshishini lokuphela kwebhendi ye-frequency ephantsi, zimbini kuphela iinethiwekhi zorhwebo ze-800M 5G ezikhutshiweyo kwihlabathi okwangoku, ngelixa iinethiwekhi zorhwebo ze-900M 5G azikakhululwa.Ngoko ke, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukulima kwakhona i-5G kwi-800M / 900M.Kulindeleke ukuba ikhonkco leshishini lifike kuphela kwindlela elungileyo emva kowama-2024.

Kunye namaza millimeter.Abaqhubi bahambisa i-5G kwi-high frequency millimeter wave, enokuthi izise abasebenzisi ngokukhawuleza isantya sokuhanjiswa kwedatha, kodwa umgama wothumelo ufutshane, okanye injongo yesigaba esilandelayo sokwakha.Oko kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi kufuneka bakhe izikhululo ezisisiseko ze-5G kwaye bachithe imali eninzi.Ngokucacileyo, kubasebenzi abakwinqanaba langoku, ngaphandle kweemfuno zokhuselo lwendawo eshushu, ezinye iimeko azifanelekanga ukwakha ibhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni i-spectrum.Abaqhubi bakha i-5G kwibhendi ephakathi, enokuhambisa isantya esiphezulu sedatha kunye nomthamo wedatha ngaphezu kwe-spectrum ephantsi.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-spectrum ephezulu, inokunciphisa inani lesiseko sokwakhiwa kwesikhululo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwakha inethiwekhi zabaqhubi.Ngaphaya koko, amakhonkco ekhonkco lemizi-mveliso afana ne-terminal chip kunye nezixhobo zesikhululo sesiseko zikhulile ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, ngokombono wombhali, kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, abaqhubi baya kugxininisa ekwakhiweni kwezikhululo ze-5G kwi-spectrum ephakathi, ezongezwa ngamanye ama-frequency bands.Ngale ndlela, abaqhubi banokufumana ibhalansi phakathi kobubanzi bokhuselo, ixabiso kunye nomthamo.

Ngokutsho kwe-THE GSA, kukho ngaphezu kwe-160 5G iinethiwekhi zorhwebo kwihlabathi jikelele, ezine eziphezulu zineenethiwekhi ze-3.5g (123), iinethiwekhi ze-2.1G (21), ii-2.6G (14) kunye ne-700M iinethiwekhi (13).Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-terminal, i-3.5g + 2.1g ye-terminal ye-terminal ukuvuthwa yi-2 ukuya kwi-3 iminyaka ngaphambili, ngakumbi i-2.1g ye-terminal yokuvuthwa isondele kwi-3.5 / 2.6g.

Amashishini aqolileyo asisiseko sempumelelo yorhwebo ye-5G.Kulo mbono, abaqhubi baseTshayina abakha i-5G kunye ne-2.1g + 3.5g kunye ne-700M + 2.6G amanethiwekhi anenzuzo yokuqala yokuhambisa kwishishini kwiminyaka ezayo.

2, FDD 8 t8r

Ncedisa abaqhubi ukuba banyuse ixabiso lefrikhwensi ephakathi

Ukongeza kwi-spectrum, ii-eriyali ezininzi zikwangundoqo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-evolution zabaqhubi beenethiwekhi ze-5G.Okwangoku, i-4T4R (ii-eriyali ezine zokuhambisa kunye nee-eriyali ezine ezifumanayo) kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji ze-antenna zesikhululo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuthungelwano lwe-5G FDD ngabaqhubi abasakwazi ukujamelana nemingeni eziswa kukukhula kwetrafikhi ngokunyusa i-spectrum bandwidth.

Ngaphezu koko, njengoko abasebenzisi be-5G bekhula, abaqhubi kufuneka bandise inani lezikhululo ezisisiseko ukuxhasa uxhulumaniso olukhulu, olukhokelela ekunyuseni kokuzimela phakathi kwabasebenzisi.Ubuchwephesha be-antenna ye-2T2R kunye ne-4T4R yendabuko ayixhasi isikhokelo esichanekileyo kwinqanaba lomsebenzisi kwaye ayikwazi ukufikelela kwi-beam echanekileyo, okubangelwa ukuhla kwesantya somsebenzisi.

Loluphi uhlobo lweteknoloji ye-antenna eninzi eya kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba bafezekise ububanzi be-5G yokugubungela ngelixa beqwalasela izinto ezifana nomthamo wesikhululo sesiseko kunye namava omsebenzisi?Njengoko sisazi, isantya sothumelo lwenethiwekhi engenazingcingo ikakhulu sixhomekeke kwindlela yokusebenza yokuthumela kunye nokufumana imiqondiso phakathi kwesikhululo sesiseko sothungelwano kunye nezixhobo ze-terminal ezifana neefowuni ze-smart, ngelixa iteknoloji ye-antenna eninzi inokuphinda kabini umthamo wesikhululo sesiseko (i-beam echanekileyo esekelwe ii-antenna ezininzi zinokulawula ukuphazamiseka).

Ngoko ke, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-5G lufuna ukuguquka okuqhubekayo kwe-FDD ukuya kwi-8T8R, i-Massive MIMO kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji ezininzi ze-antenna.Ngokombono wombhali, i-8T8R iya kuba yindlela yolwakhiwo lwexesha elizayo lwenethiwekhi ye-5GFDD ukufezekisa "kokubini amava kunye nokugubungela" ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, ukusuka kumbono oqhelekileyo, i-3GPP iphuculwe kwinguqu nganye yeprotocol ngokuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-terminal multi-antennas.Inguqulelo ye-R17 iya kunciphisa ukuntsonkotha kwetheminali kunye nobume bovavanyo lwesitishi sovavanyo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwesigaba phakathi kwamabhanti asuka phezulu nasezantsi esikhululo.Inguqulelo ye-R18 nayo iya kongeza ikhowudi echanekileyo ephezulu.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale migangatho kufuna ubuncinane izikhululo zesiseko ze-5G FDD ukuba zibe neteknoloji ye-antenna ye-8T8R.Ngexesha elifanayo, iiprotocol ze-R15 kunye ne-R16 zexesha le-5G ziye zaphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo kunye nenkxaso ye-2.1g enkulu-bandwidth 2CC CA.Iiprothokholi ze-R17 kunye ne-R18 nazo ziya kuqhuba inguqu eqhubekayo ye-FDD Massive MIMO.

Okwesibini, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-terminal, i-4R (ii-antenna ezine ezifumanayo) zee-smart phone kunye nezinye ii-terminals zinokukhulula umthamo wesikhululo sesiseko se-2.1g 8T8R, kwaye i-4R iba yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yeefowuni ze-5G, ezinokusebenzisana inethiwekhi ukunyusa ixabiso leeriyali ezininzi.

Kwixesha elizayo, ii-terminals ze-6R / 8R zibekwe kwishishini, kwaye iteknoloji yangoku ifunyenwe: iteknoloji ye-antenna ye-6 iye yafunyanwa kumatshini opheleleyo we-terminal, kwaye i-baseband ye-8R ye-protocol stack ixhasiwe. iprosesa ye-terminal baseband.

Iphepha elimhlophe elichaphazelekayo le-China Telecom kunye ne-China Unicom ithatha i-5G 2.1g 4R njengefowuni yeselula enyanzelekileyo, efuna zonke iifowuni ze-5G FDD kwimarike yaseTshayina ukuxhasa i-Sub3GHz 4R.

Ngokubhekiselele kubakhiqizi be-terminal, iifowuni eziqhelekileyo eziphakathi kunye ne-high-end mobile zixhase i-5G FDD mid-frequency 1.8 / 2.1g 4R, kunye neefowuni eziqhelekileyo ze-5G FDD ezizayo ziya kuxhasa i-Sub 3GHz 4R, eya kuba semgangathweni.

Ngelo xesha, i-network uplink capability yeyona nto iphambili ye-FDD 5G.Ngokovavanyo, i-uplink peak experience ye-2.1g enkulu-bandwidth 2T (i-2 transmitting antenna) i-terminals idlulile kwii-terminals ze-3.5g.Inokuqikelelwa ukuba, iqhutywa lukhuphiswano kwiimarike ze-terminal kunye nemfuno yabaqhubi, iifowuni eziphakamileyo eziphezulu ziya kuxhasa i-uplink 2T kwi-2.1g band kwixesha elizayo.

Okwesithathu, ngokwembono yamava, i-60% ukuya kwi-70% yemfuno ehambayo ehambayo yangoku iphuma ngaphakathi, kodwa udonga olunzima lwesamente ngaphakathi luya kuba ngumqobo omkhulu wesikhululo sangaphandle se-Acer ukufezekisa ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi.

Itekhnoloji ye-eriyali ye-2.1g 8T8R inamandla okungena olomeleleyo kwaye inokufikelela kwi-inshorensi yangaphakathi yezakhiwo zokuhlala ezingenanto.Ifanelekile kwiinkonzo ze-latency ephantsi kwaye inika abaqhubi inzuzo eninzi kukhuphiswano lwexesha elizayo.Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa neseli yendabuko ye-4T4R, umthamo weseli ye-8T8R unyuswe ngama-70% kwaye ukhuselo lwanda ngaphezu kwe-4dB.

Okokugqibela, ngokwembono yokusebenza kunye neendleko zokugcina, kwelinye icala, itekhnoloji ye-antenna ye-8T8R lolona khetho lulungileyo kuzo zombini iindawo zokugubungela i-uplink yedolophu kunye ne-downlink yasemaphandleni, kuba ine-advanteji yokuphindaphinda kwaye ayifuni kutshintshwa kwisithuba seminyaka eyi-10. emva kokuba umqhubi etyale imali.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iteknoloji ye-antenna ye-2.1g 8T8R ingagcina i-30% -40% yenani leendawo xa kuthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-4T4R, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba i-TCO inokugcina ngaphezu kwe-30% kwiminyaka eyi-7.Kubaqhubi, ukunciphisa inani lezikhululo ze-5G kuthetha ukuba inethiwekhi inokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci kwixesha elizayo, elikwahambelana nenjongo yeChina "yekhabhoni ezimbini".

Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba izibonelelo zezulu zesikhululo sangoku se-5G silinganiselwe, kwaye umqhubi ngamnye unepali enye okanye ezimbini kwicandelo ngalinye.Ii-antenna ezixhasa iteknoloji ye-antenna ye-8T8R inokudityaniswa kwi-3G kunye ne-4G ye-antenna yenethiwekhi ephilayo, yenza lula kakhulu indawo kunye nokugcina indawo yokurenta.

3, FDD 8T8R ayisiyothiyori

Abanini-zithuthi baye bayivavanya kwiindawo ezininzi

Itekhnoloji ye-FDD 8T8R yee-antenna ezininzi ihanjiswe kurhwebo ngabaqhubi abangaphezu kwama-30 kwihlabathi liphela.E-China, abaninzi abaqhubi bendawo baye bagqiba ukuqinisekiswa kwezorhwebo kwe-8T8R kwaye bafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.

NgoJuni kulo nyaka, i-Xiamen Telecom kunye neHuawei bagqibezele ukuvulwa kwendawo yokuqala yehlabathi ye-4/5G yemowudi ye-2.1g 8T8R edibeneyo yokuyila.Ngovavanyo, kufunyenwe ukuba ubunzulu be-5G 2.1g 8T8R buphuculwe ngaphezu kwe-4dB kunye nomthamo we-downlink wanda ngaphezu kwe-50% xa kuthelekiswa ne-4T4R yendabuko.

NgoJulayi kulo nyaka, i-China Unicom Research Institute kunye ne-Guangzhou Unicom badibanisa izandla kunye neHuawei ukugqiba ukuqinisekiswa kwe-China Unicom Group yokuqala ye-5G FDD 8T8R indawo kwi-Outfield ye-Guangzhou Biological Island.Ngokusekelwe kwi-FDD 2.1g 40MHz i-bandwidth, umlinganiselo wentsimi we-8T8R uphucula ukugubungela i-5dB kunye nomthamo weseli ukuya kwi-70% xa kuthelekiswa neseli yendabuko ye-4T4R.