iindaba

Utyalo-mali lwe-5G lutshintshile lusuka kwi-carrier-drive-drived investment to investment driven-driven, lugxininise kubaqhubi, ababoneleli bezixhobo eziphambili, unxibelelwano lwe-optical kunye ne-RCS kunye namanye amacandelo amathuba otyalo-mali.Kulindeleke ukuba inani elipheleleyo lokwakhiwa kwe-5G kunyaka we-21 liya kuba phakathi kwe-1 yezigidi kunye ne-1.1 yezigidi zezikhululo, kunye nenkcitho yemali yonyaka yabasebenzi abathathu abakhulu + irediyo kunye nomabonwakude kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-400 yezigidigidi ze-yuan.Abasebenzi abathathu abaphambili kulindeleke ukuba baphume kwixesha loxinzelelo lokutshintsha phakathi kwezizukulwana, kwaye bakwimeko yoxinzelelo lwehlabathi ngokwembono yoqingqo-maxabiso.Oyena mthengisi wezixhobo usengoyena ndoqo wotyalo-mali olukhethiweyo lwe-5G okwangoku.Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwimodyuli yedijithali yedijithali kunye nenkokeli ye-optical chip phantsi koqoqosho oluqhubekayo oluphezulu lwentengiso yonxibelelwano lwe-optical.Izicelo ze-5G kunye neeseva zisekwixesha lokukhulisa.Siza kunika ingqalelo kumathuba otyalo-mali ababoneleli benkonzo ye-RCS ye-ecological eziziswa ngokurhweba ngokupheleleyo kwemiyalezo ye-5G.

I-21 Imakethi ye-computing yaseTshayina isengunyaka omkhulu, inethemba malunga neziseko zelifu kunye namathuba otyalo-mali e-SaaS.

I-1) IaaS: Abathengisi bamafu amakhulu baqhubeka nokunyusa inkcitho ye-capital, kunye ne-FAMGA's YoY 29% kunye ne-BAT's YoY 47% kwi-q3 2020. Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwiintloko ze-IaaS abathengisi kunye nokukhula kwabathengisi abaneenzuzo zokuhlukana.

2) I-IDC: Imarike ye-IDC YOMTHETHO eTshayina isekwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-CAGR kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-30% kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo.Ukwandiswa kwesikali kuseyeyona ndlela isisiseko yokuba abavelisi be-IDC bakhule.Kucetyiswa ukuba kunikelwe ingqalelo kwiinkokeli zeqela lesithathu le-IDC kwizixeko ezikwinqanaba lokuqala ezinezibonelelo zoncedo.

3) Umncedisi: Emva kohlengahlengiso lwexesha elifutshane lwe-H2 ngo-2020, i-Q1 ngo-2021 kulindeleke ukuba ingenise ihlobo laseIndiya kwaye igcine inqanaba eliphezulu lokuchuma unyaka wonke.

I-4) i-SaaS: Abavelisi be-SaaS abakwinqanaba leshishini laseTshayina bakwixesha elibalulekileyo lotshintsho.Abavelisi abahamba phambili baqhekeza abathengi abaphezulu ngophuhliso olulungiselelweyo, kwaye bandise kubathengi abaphakathi, kwaye bavule i-TAM ukuzisa inzuzo kunye nokuphuculwa koqikelelo.

Imfundo yemarike ye-SaaS yasekhaya ikhulile, oovimba betekhnoloji, imfuno eyenye yasekhaya kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo onxulumeneyo ikhona.

I-Intanethi yezinto ukuya kushishino lokufika, kugxininise kumathuba amathathu otyalo-mali athe tye.Phantsi kokuphinda-phindwe kathathu kokumanywa komgangatho, ukudityaniswa kobuchwephesha kunye nesigebenga esingena kwiziko, i-Intanethi yeZinto isondela ekufikeni koshishino ukusuka kwingqikelelo yendalo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomgaqo-nkqubo.Iminyaka emihlanu ezayo iya kuba yiminyaka emihlanu yokuba i-Intanethi yeZinto yandise unxibelelwano.Eyokuqala ukuxhamla inzwa, i-chip, imodyuli, i-MCU, i-terminal kunye nabanye abavelisi be-hardware, iqonga kunye nexabiso lenkonzo umjikelo wokuhlawulela ulibazisekile.Kwinqanaba lesicelo, gxininisa kwinethiwekhi yesithuthi esiqhagamshelwe, ikhaya elihlakaniphile, i-intanethi ye-satellite kunye nokunye ukubeka phambili kwindawo enkulu ye-particle, kunye noshishino olukwaziyo, isikali soqhagamshelwano kunye neenzuzo zobuntlola bedatha zabadlali ziya kuba ngoyena mntu uphumeleleyo.

"I-Intelligence" iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lezithuthi ezihlakaniphile, kwaye ithuba eliphambili likuluhlu lokubonelela. Siqikelela ukuba ubungakanani bubonke bokwanda kwemarike yeemoto zabahambi eTshayina buya kukhula ukusuka kwi-200 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-1.8 yetriliyoni yeyuan ngo-2030, ngesantya sokukhula esixandileyo sama-25%.Umyinge wokunyuswa kweebhayisekile eziswe bubulumko unyuke ukusuka kwi-10,000 ye-yuan ukuya kwi-70,000 ye-yuan.Ngokujikeleze umgca oyintloko wobuntlola, sikholelwa ukuba kufuneka sibambe amaza amathathu ukusuka kwikhonkco lokubonelela ukuya kwi-OEMS ukuya kwizicelo kunye neenkonzo.Kwiliza lokuqala, sinethemba lokunyuka kwekhonkco lobonelelo lwaseTshayina ngeli xesha lobuntlola beemoto.Sicebisa ukuba ukusuka kwimigangatho emithathu yokwandiswa kwehlabathi, ukutshintshwa kwendawo kunye nokutshintshwa kwesekethe entsha, kugxininise kwisiphaluka esahlulahlulwe kunye nendawo enkulu eyongeziweyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lebhayisikili, eliye laseka inkokheli yoshishino lwezithintelo ezikhuphisanayo.

1.ukubuyisela kunye nembonakalo

Imakethi ye-5G iyatshintsha ukusuka kwikhonkco loshishino lwezixhobo ukuya kwishishini elikhulayo le-ICT.Utyalo-mali kwicandelo lonxibelelwano ngo-2020 luzele yimingeni.Unxibelelwano (i-Shen wan) isalathisi sawela kwi-8.33%, ukuhla kwe-front of the plate yonke.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxabano yorhwebo phakathi kweChina kunye ne-United States kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-huawei embargo yenze uxinzelelo oluthile kwi-plate;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokurhweba kwe-5G, imarike iye yahlaziya ezinye zezinto ezilindelekileyo eziphezulu ezenziwe kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, sibona amanye amacandelo eqhuba kakuhle kakhulu. Unxibelelwano olukhethekileyo lomkhosi, i-antenna radio frequency, i-Intanethi yezinto inyuke ngaphezu kwe-20%;Iimodyuli ze-Optical kunye namacandelo, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye nokuhamba, i-computing yefu yanda ngaphezu kwe-40%;Ividiyo yefu inyuke nangaphezulu kwe-100%, inyuke nge-171% ngonyaka.Ukusuka kwisikhundla, indawo yangoku yamaziko onxibelelwano ikwakwinqanaba eliphantsi ngokwembali.

Ngexesha le-3G, i-shareholding ratio yamaziko oNxibelelwano lwe-Shenwan iphakathi kwe-4% -5%, kwaye kwixesha le-4G, i-shareholding ratio yamaziko oNxibelelwano lwe-Shenwan iphakathi kwe-3-4%, ngelixa idatha yakutshanje ye-Q3 ibonisa ukuba i-shareholding Umlinganiselo wamaziko oNxibelelwano eShenwan yi-2.12% kuphela.

Sikholelwa ukuba zombini iyantlukwano yemarike yeepleyiti kunye nokucuthwa okuqhubekayo kwezikhundla zamaziko kwipleyiti yonxibelelwano kubonisa injongo yomanyano lwangaphandle, iyantlukwano yangaphakathi kunye nokudluliselwa kwekhonkco lexabiso kushishino lonxibelelwano.Kwelinye icala, i-ICT kunye namashishini emveli ahlala edityaniswa, kwaye i-ICT iye yaba sisiseko sawo onke amashishini, ikhawulezisa inkqubo yedijithali yawo onke amashishini kunye namashishini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imboni yonxibelelwano sele iqalile ukwahlulahlula ibe ngamacandelo amabini, "omdala" kunye "omtsha", oko kukuthi ikhonkco loshishino lwezixhobo zonxibelelwano zemveli kunye neendawo ezintsha zezoqoqosho ezifana ne-Intanethi yezinto kunye ne-computing yefu.Umjikelo wenxalenye “omdala”, ukukhula okungaphelelanga “okutsha”.Ishishini lemveli lokuvelisa izixhobo zonxibelelwano libonisa umjikelo owomeleleyo, ukusebenza kwawo kuchatshazelwa ikakhulu yinkcitho enkulu yabaqhubi.

Ngexesha elifanayo, i-Intanethi yeZinto kunye ne-computing yefu, eziye zahlulwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwishishini lezonxibelelwano, zikwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kumjikelo wabo wobomi kwaye zincinci kakhulu zichatshazelwa lutshintsho olujikelezayo lwenkcitho enkulu yabaqhubi.Isizathu esisisiseko kukuba iimveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe kula mashishini amancinci aqala ukusasazeka kunye nokungena kwishishini lonxibelelwano ukuya kwamanye amashishini, ngaloo ndlela evula indawo entsha yemarike.

Ukususela kwixesha elide, ukuphonononga umjikelezo we-4G, ukufikelela okuphakathi kunye nokuphantsi kwe-industrial chain benefit, kwaye umjikelezo we-5G udluliselwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-chain chain industry kwi-ICT yesizukulwana esitsha.Umjikelo wotyalo-mali we-4G unomyalelo ocacileyo, abavelisi bezicwangciso zenethiwekhi eziphezulu ezifana ne-Guomai Technology, abavelisi be-antenna rf ezifana ne-Wuhan Fangu bakhokela ukunyuka, kwaye emva koko ukuya kwi-ZTE, unxibelelwano lwe-Fiberhome kunye nabanye ababoneleli bezixhobo eziphambili, kwaye emva koko ukuya kwi-computing yefu esezantsi, i-Intanethi. izinto kunye nezinye izicelo ukuqhambuka.Kwixesha le-5G, ukuhanjiswa kwexabiso le-industrial chain chain idluliselwe kwi-industrial industry chain kwi-ICT yesizukulwana esitsha.Inkokeli ye-IDC ye-Baoxin Software kunye ne-Intanethi yemodyuli ye-Intanethi inkokeli ye-Yuyuan yoNxibelelwano ibone ukwanda okukhulu.

Kwangelo xesha, u-2020 uya kubona ukukhawulezisa kuhlengahlengiso lwekhonkco lobonelelo lwe-ICT lwehlabathi ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane kunye ne-geopolitics.Njengoko amazwe kunye nemimandla isabela ekuzihlukaniseni kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesibetho, i-ICT industry chain, esele izinzile ixesha elide elidlulileyo, iphoqeleke ukuba ilungelelanise.Uphuhliso loshishino lwe-5G lubandakanyeka kwi-geopolitics, kwaye iindlela ezimbini ze-"de-C" ezikhokelwa ngurhulumente wase-US kunye ne "de-A" ekhokelwa ziinkampani zaseTshayina zihamba kunye.

Ukujonga phambili, ukudityaniswa kunye nokwahlulwa kweshishini kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwekhonkco lokubonelela kuya kuqhubeka, kwaye ipleyiti yonxibelelwano yexesha elizayo iya kuba yimarike yesakhiwo.Ukwamkela iindlela ezithile zeshishini kunye nokukhula kunye neenkampani ezinkulu yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokujongana nokungaqiniseki okukhulu kwangaphandle.Ngokufika konyulo lwase-US, impembelelo engathandekiyo yezinto ezinkulu ezinje nge-geopolitics kwimarike ye-5G kunye necandelo lonxibelelwano liye laba buthathaka, ngelixa i-meso yeshishini elihamba phambili kunye nolawulo lweenkampani ezincinci ziye zangamandla alawula ukusebenza kwekamva.Ngo-2021, iingqwalasela zotyalo-mali kwicandelo lonxibelelwano ziya kutshintsha ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ukuya phezulu.Ukugxila kwi-5G, i-computing yefu kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto, sinethemba malunga namathuba otyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo ze-ICT ezinoxabiso oluphantsi kunye nokukhula okuphezulu kwicandelo ngalinye.

2. utshintsho lwe-5G utyalo-mali olusuka kumqhubi wotyalo-mali oluqhutyelwa kubathengi oluqhutywayo, lugxininise kubaqhubi, abathengisi bezixhobo eziphambili, unxibelelwano lwe-optical kunye namathuba otyalo-mali lwe-RCS kumacandelo.
Sibona utyalo-mali olunemixholo ye-5G luvela kumaza amathathu.I-wave yokuqala iqhutywa lutyalo-mali lwabaqhubi, lujolise kwindlela kunye nokutshintsha kwesakhiwo senkcitho yenkunzi yabaqhubi;I-wave yesibini iqhutywe kukusetyenziswa kwabathengi, kugxininise ekuhanjisweni kwexabiso lokunikezelwa kwee-terminals eziphambili kunye namashishini e-ICP;Iliza lesithathu lotyalo-mali lweshishini kunye neshishini, lijolise kushishino lwamasuntswana amakhulu anjenge-Intanethi, ukuvelisa, amandla, amandla kunye namanye amashishini inkqubela phambili yedijithali kunye nentsingiselo yotyalo-mali olukhokelayo kushishino.

Icandelo langoku le-5G likumaza okuqala okuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kunye ne-wave wave yesibini yotshintsho lotyalo-mali lomxholo.Amaza okuqala otyalo-mali oluqhutywa ngabasebenzisi kwimarike yonikezelo lwezixhobo luhambile ukusuka kulindelo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza, kwaye iliza lesibini lezicelo eziqhutywa ngabathengi kunye neenkonzo zentengiso sele liqalisile ukuzala.

Silindele ukuba yonke inkqubela phambili yokwakha ye-5G ayiyi kuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza njengaleyo yexesha le-4G, kodwa iya kuhlala ihamba phambili.Kulindeleke ukuba ukwakhiwa kwe-5G yonyaka kuya kuba phakathi kwe-1 yezigidi kunye ne-1.1 yezikhululo zezigidi, zibalelwa malunga ne-70% yelizwe lonke.Phakathi kwazo, amaziko amathathu aphambili kulindeleke ukuba akhe izikhululo ezimalunga nama-700,000, yaye izikhululo zikanomathotholo nomabonwakude kulindeleke ukuba zakhe malunga nama-300,000-400,000.Kulindeleke ukuba inkcitho eyinkunzi yabasebenzi abathathu abaphambili kwiminyaka engama-21 igcine ukukhula okuphakathi kwisiseko seminyaka engama-20, izinga lokukhula limalunga ne-10%, kunye notyalo-mali olutsha lwe-30 yezigidigidi zikanomathotholo nomabonwakude, iyonke inkunzi yonyaka. inkcitho iya kuba malunga nama-400 eebhiliyoni.

Ukujonga phambili ukuya ku-2021, sinethemba malunga nokusebenza kwabaqhubi, izixhobo eziphambili, unxibelelwano lwamehlo kunye namanye amacandelo unyaka wonke.Okwangoku, sicebisa ukuba sinikele ingqalelo kumathuba otyalo-mali kwi-RCS, imeko yokuqala yentengiso enkulu ye-5G.

2.1 Kugxilwe kumathuba otyalo-mali ngokubanzi kwicandelo labaqhubi kwiminyaka engama-21

Kwiminyaka engama-21, abaqhubi kulindeleke ukuba baphume kwixesha loxinzelelo lokutshintsha phakathi kwezizukulwana.Ngokubhekiselele kwixesha lokutshintsha kwe-intergenerational ye-2G-3G kunye ne-3G-4G, abaqhubi kufuneka bakhulise inkcitho yemali ukuze kuphuculwe inethiwekhi.Okwangoku, ukukhula kweenkonzo ezintsha kufuna ixesha elithile lokulima kunye neminyaka eyi-1-2 yokusebenza ixesha lokutshintsha.Xa kuthelekiswa nomjikelezo we-4G, utyalo-mali lwe-5G luya kuba luncinci, kwaye inkcitho enkulu yabaqhubi abathathu abakhulu abayi kubona ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwexesha le-3 kunye ne-4G kwiminyaka eyi-21.Ngokwe-Capex/Revenue, i-peak yi-41% ye-3G kunye ne-34% ye-4G, kwaye silindele ukuba ibe malunga ne-27% ye-21, kunye noxinzelelo lwenkcitho yentengo enkulu luthulisiwe.

Amaxabiso e-ARPU abaqhubi abakhulu abathathu aqala ukuzinza kwaye aphinde afumane kwakhona.Okwangoku, izinga lokungena kwefowuni ye-5G ligqithise i-70%, i-5G yokunyuswa kwephakheji ikhawuleza ngakumbi kune-4G, nokuba akukho mbulali we-5G 2C ishishini kwixesha elifutshane, ukuhla kwexabiso le-ARPU kubuyiselwe umva.

Ngokoqikelelo, izabelo ze-H zabasebenzi abathathu abakhulu baseTshayina bakuxinzelelo lwehlabathi.Ngokumalunga ne-PE, i-PB kunye ne-EV / EBITDA, izabelo ze-H zabaqhubi abakhulu abathathu ziphantsi kwinqanaba eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abaqhubi abakhulu behlabathi.Sikholelwa ukuba isigqibo samva nje se-NYSE sokurhoxisa ii-adRs zabasebenzisi abathathu abakhulu siya kuba nefuthe elincinci kakhulu kwimisebenzi yabo kunye nexabiso eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide lexabiso lesabelo.Okwangoku, abaqhubi abaphambili abathathu, ngakumbi amaxabiso esabelo se-H akaxatyiswanga kakhulu, abatyali-mali bayacetyiswa ukuba bacwangcise ngokusebenzayo.
2.2 Abathengisi bezixhobo eziphambili baseziithagethi zotyalo-mali ezikhethwayo ze-5G ngo-2021
Nokuba i-embargo ye-huawei isusiwe okanye hayi, isabelo semarike yehlabathi ye-ZTE asizukutshintsha.Ishishini labaqhubi beHuawei aliyi kubonakala ngathi ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokucinywa, imarike yehlabathi engenazingcingo kulindeleke ukuba iphakame ngeepesenti ezingama-40 kwiminyaka engama-20.Ngaphantsi kwengcinga yokuba i-embargo ikhona ixesha elide, isabelo semarike siya kubuyela ngokuthe ngcembe malunga ne-30% ngenxa yeengxaki zokubonelela nge-chip.

Isabelo semarike esilahlekileyo sikaHuawei phesheya siya kwenziwa kakhulu ngu-Ericsson, isabelo sakhe semarike kulindeleke ukuba sizinze malunga neepesenti ezingama-27 kule minyaka mithathu izayo, kunye noNokia.Isabelo semakethi yakwaNokia kulindeleke ukuba sibuyele malunga neepesenti ezili-15 ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi eTshayina.

Ngokubhekiselele kwixesha le-4G, silindele ukuba ukutsiba kwi-Samsung ye-wireless market share global in the first stage of 5G construction is not stitable.Emva kowama-2020, njengoko isabelo sayo semarike esibalaseleyo (uMzantsi Korea, uMntla Melika, njl.njl.) sincipha kancinci kwimarike yehlabathi, isabelo semakethi siya kwehla ngokukhawuleza sifike kwi-5%.I-Zte kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngoyena mthengisi wezixhobo ophambili ngokukhula kwesabelo semarike kule minyaka mithathu izayo.Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo se-5G sisonke saseTshayina ngoku senza malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 kwimarike yehlabathi ye-5G.

Isabelo semarike seZte eTshayina kulindeleke ukuba sikhule ngokuthe chu emva kweminyaka engama-21. Kwangaxeshanye, sinethemba lokuba inkampani iya kwandisa isabelo sayo emva kokuba imarike ye-5G yaphesheya ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwiminyaka eyi-21, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba isabelo semarike yenkampani yehlabathi sinyuke nge-3-4PP minyaka le kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo. 21-23).Inkampani ye-Bullish ukuba ibe lixesha le-5G yesabelo semarike yezixhobo zehlabathi iphinda ilungelelanise umxhamli omkhulu, abatyali-mali bayacetyiswa ukuba bathathele ingqalelo ngenkuthalo.

2.3 Imarike yonxibelelwano lwamehlo iyaqhubeka nokukhula.Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwimodyuli yonxibelelwano yedijithali kunye nenkokeli ye-optical chip

Ngaphantsi kwe-resonance ye-5G + yemfuno yedatha yeziko, sikholelwa ukuba imarike yonxibelelwano lwe-optical iya kugcina i-boom ephezulu kwixesha elizayo, kwaye imarike yemodyuli yehlabathi jikelele kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula esingaphezulu kwe-15% kwiminyaka engama-21-22. .

Ukukhula kweemodyuli ze-optical kwimarike ye-telecom kuya kuba kukuthozama, kwaye ukonyuka okuphambili kuya kuphuma kwimarike yeziko ledatha.Iimodyuli ze-400G ze-optical kulindeleke ukuba ziqaliswe ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo.Ngokutsho kwendlela ye-100G, ukuthunyelwa kulindeleke ukuba kuphindwe kabini ngokuqhubekayo kwi-21-22 iminyaka.Kucetyiswa ukuba kugxininiswe kwiinkampani ezikhokelayo ezinenzuzo yokuqala yokuhambisa, njengeZhongji Solechuang kunye neXinyisheng.

Ngeli xesha, kwintsimi ye-optical chip enyukayo, imarike ye-optical communication chip yangoku imalunga ne-3.85 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kwaye iya kukhula iye kwi-8.85 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025, kunye ne-5-year-compound yokukhula kwe-18%.Kumxholo wokwandiswa kwesikali semarike kunye nokukhawuleziswa kokutshintshwa kwasekhaya, inkokeli ye-optical chip yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba iphele, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ithathele ingqalelo i-Xi 'an Yuanjie (engadweliswanga), i-Wuhan Sensitive core (engadweliswanga), Shijia Photon, njl.

I-2.4 Izicelo ze-5G kunye neeseva zisekho kwixesha lokufakwa, kwaye siya kuqwalasela uphuhliso lwezorhwebo lwemiyalezo ye-5G.

Izicelo ezisekelwe kwi-5G kunye neenkonzo ziya kuqala ukuhluma, kwaye imiyalezo ye-5G iya kuba sisicelo sokuqala sesikali se-5G emhlabeni.Iindaba ze-5G zibonelelo oluchanekileyo lwenguqu ukusuka kwi-4G ukuya kwi-5G.Njengenkokeli yoshishino, abaqhubi banawona mathuba aphezulu okukhuthaza impumelelo yeshishini labo.Kwixesha elizayo, abaqhubi baya kudibanisa kwi-ecosystem kunye nenkonzo ngamanyathelo amathathu, kwaye ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kulindeleke ukuba kukhuthaze indawo yemarike ye-SMS yesiqhelo ye-40 yebhiliyoni ukuya kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni zesikali;Kwixesha elizayo, iteknoloji entsha ye-ICT efana nefu, idatha enkulu kunye ne-AI iya kuhlanganiswa.Iinkonzo zemiyalezo ye-5G yabaqhubi ziya kuqonda ukuguqulwa kweqonga lomyalezo, kwaye indawo yemarike iya kufikelela kwi-300 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan.Iindaba ze-5G zilindeleke ukuba zibe yi-21 iminyaka ye-Q1 inokurhweba ngokupheleleyo, igxininise kwisincomo se-RCS yenkonzo ye-ecological service provider amathuba otyalo-mali.

3. I-computing yamafu - i-2021 isengunyaka we-computing yefu, ithemba malunga ne-IDC kunye nokuchuma kweseva.

3.1 Ikhompuyutha yelifu yaseTshayinating ikwixesha elide lophuhliso olukhawulezayo

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-United States, i-China isemva kwe-United States iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ngenxa yomahluko kwiziseko ezingundoqo ze-IT, umgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino, imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nomoya wophando-shishini.Nangona kunjalo, i-China inemeko yezoshishino ehambelanayo kwaye ikwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo:

I-1) Iziseko ze-IT ziba ngakumbi kwaye zigqibelele.Kwi-2014, inani le-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi e-China yafikelela kwi-405 yezigidi, i-H1 ifikelele kwi-931 yezigidi kwi-2020, kwaye umlinganiselo wokufikelela kwi-fiber optical unyuke ukusuka kwi-40.4% kwi-2014 ukuya kwi-92.1%;

2) Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ukukhula kwe-macroeconomic yase-China kuzinzile, ukukhula kwe-GDP kuzinzile kwi-5% -10%.Nangona i-Q1 yachatshazelwa ngubhubhane kwixesha elifutshane kulo nyaka, iye yakwazi ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza, ibonisa ukuqina okuqinileyo kunye nokubeka isiseko sezoqoqosho kwi-Intanethi kunye ne-cloud computing industry;

I-3) Kwi-2011, i-United States iphucule uphuhliso lwe-computing yefu kwisicwangciso selizwe.Kwi-2015, i-China ikhuphe iiNgcaciso zeBhunga leSizwe malunga nokuKhuthaza i-cloud Computing Innovation kunye noPhuhliso kunye nokuQinisekisa iiFom eziNtsha zoLwazi lwezoLwazi ukukhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwezoshishino;

4) U-Ali, uHuawei kunye namanye amashishini afunda kwinkqubo edibeneyo yoshishino, iyunivesiti kunye nophando e-United States ukuhlola (u-Ali kunye neeyunivesithi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ukuseka ibhubhoratri, uHuawei wachaza ukuba kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo iya kumanyanisa uluntu. kunye neeyunivesithi ukulima abaphuhlisi abazizigidi ezi-5, kwaye batyale i-1.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika kulwakhiwo lwendalo), ukwakha i-ecosystem ekhuthazayo.Ukukhuthaza urhwebo lweziphumo zophando.

Ubunzulu be-Intanethi ye-Intanethi, ukuphindaphindwa okukhulu kwe-Intanethi yeZinto, kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwenguqu yedijithali yamashishini kuya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza i-cloud computing boom e-China.Ngo-Okthobha ka-2020, inani lilonke labasebenzisi be-5G e-China lidlule kwi-200 yezigidi, kunye nezinga lokukhula kwenyanga elihlanganisiweyo ukuya kuma-29 ekhulwini ukususela ngoFebruwari.Ukuthunyelwa kweefowuni ze-5G kuyaqhubeka nokunyuka, iiyunithi ze-16.76 zezigidi zathunyelwa ngo-Oktobha, izinga lokungena lifikelele kwi-64%, kwaye ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha, iHuawei kunye ne-Apple baqalise iimodeli ezintsha ngexesha elifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kweefowuni ze-5G kunye nezinga lokungena kulindeleke ukuba ukuphucula ngakumbi.

Kulo nyaka, ubhubhane ukhawulezise ukujula kwe-Intanethi yeselula, imfuno yabathengi ikude nencopho.Ngo-Matshi, umthamo wokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ye-Intanethi wawuyi-25.6 yezigidigidi ze-GB.Nangona bekukho ukuhla okwalandelayo, ukukhula okukhawulezileyo jikelele kuhlala kungatshintshi.Sikholelwa ukuba i-ofisi ye-intanethi, ukuzonwabisa kwamkelwe ngokubanzi luluntu, okonga iindleko zokufunda zabasebenzisi bokugqibela.Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwetrafikhi yangoku yabathengi kugxininise kwiinkonzo zevidiyo, ukuthenga, kunye nendlela yokuphila, sikholelwa ukuba de kube ezinye ii-apps ezibulalayo (imidlalo ye-VR / AR, njl.) ziqhuma, uninzi lokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi luya kuhlala kwiindawo ezifana nevidiyo ye-HD.

Kwangaxeshanye, uthungelwano lwe-5G lutyhala i-Intanethi yezinto ukukhulisa ukuphindaphinda.I-China ikhokela ihlabathi kulwakhiwo lwe-5G, kunye nezikhululo ze-718,000 ze-5G ezigqityiweyo, zibalelwa malunga neepesenti ze-70 zehlabathi lilonke.Inethiwekhi ye-5G ene-bandwidth enkulu, i-latency ephantsi kunye noxhulumaniso olubanzi luye lwaqala ukudlala indima kwiinkalo zoshishino kunye nemveliso, ukutyhala i-Intanethi yeZinto ukulinganisa ukuphindaphinda.Ngo-2020, inani le-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi e-China iqikelelwe ukuba idlule kwi-7 yezigidigidi, eya kuzisa ukuqhuma kwedatha yedatha kwixesha elizayo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini le-computing yefu.

Inguqu yedijithali yeshishini ihleli ingoyena mqhubi mkhulu wokukhula kwemfuno kwicomputing yamafu. Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo anjenge-United States, iinkampani zaseTshayina zinezinga eliphantsi lokufikelela kwilifu, elaliyi-38 ekhulwini kuphela ngo-2018, xa lithelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-80 eUnited States.Njengoko oorhulumente kunye namashishini banciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngelifu, iimfuno ezintsha zedijithali ezivela koorhulumente kunye namashishini ayaqhubeka nokuvela.

Ezi zinto zingasentla zenza ukuba i-cloud computing boom iqhubeke nokuphucula, ngo-2019 izinga lokukhula kwemarike ye-cloud computing ye-20.86%, izinga lokukhula kwe-China ye-38.6%, izinga lokukhula lidlula kakhulu inqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, sikholelwa ukuba iminyaka embalwa ezayo iya kuqhubeka. ukugcina izinga lokukhula elimalunga nama-30%.

3.2 IaaS: Abathengisi bamafu amakhulu bayaqhubeka nokunyusa inkcitho eyinkunzi, kwaye ukukhula kweshishini kuqinisekiswa

Ulwakhiwo lwenkonzo yelifu loluntu lwaseTshayina luguqulwe luvela phesheya, kunye neziseko zokuqala.Ilifu loluntu jikelele lilawulwa yimodeli ye-SaaS, ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-60%.Ukususela ngo-2014, i-market ye-IaaS e-China ikhule kakhulu, ibalwa ngaphantsi kwe-40% ye-market cloud market ngaphezu kwe-60%.

Sikholelwa ukuba ngenxa yomsantsa omkhulu phakathi kweziseko ze-IT zaseTshayina kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu neMelika kwinqanaba lokuqala, utyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo ze-IT kunye nelifu zilungelelaniswa.Kwangelo xesha, i-China okwangoku ikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwekhompyuter yelifu, kwaye uyilo lwabavelisi bamafu sele lide.I-Amazon yasungula i-cloud computing ngo-2006, kwaye i-Alibaba yaseka ngokusesikweni i-Computing Co., LTD ngo-2009. Amashishini amafu e-China ikakhulu iinkampani ze-intanethi, zivame ukuphuhlisa i-software ngokwazo kwaye azithengi iinkonzo ze-SaaS.Ngexesha elifutshane, umlinganiselo we-IaaS ukhula ngokukhawuleza, intsimi ye-IaaS iqinisekile kwaye kukho amathuba otyalo-mali atyebileyo.Ngokuphuculwa kolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, izinga lokukhula kwe-SaaS liya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza.

Isabelo sabathengisi be-IaaS basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe banda, kwaye ipateni yefu yoluntu yayibekwe phakathi.Ngenxa yenkcitho enkulu yemali kunye nophando kunye neendleko zophuhliso lweshishini le-IaaS, i-ikholoji kunye nefuthe elilinganisiweyo libalulekile.Isabelo semarike ye-Amazon, iMicrosoft, i-Alibaba kunye ne-Google inyuke ukusuka kwi-48.9% kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-77.3% kwi-2015. Ipatheni yabavelisi be-IaaS e-China ishintshile kakhulu, kwaye iHuawei inezinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza.Ukususela kwi-2015 ukuya kwi-Q1 kulo nyaka, i-CR3 inyuke ukusuka kwi-51.6% ukuya kwi-70.7%.Sikholelwa ukuba imarike yentloko ye-IaaS e-China iya kuzinza kwaye igxininise kwixesha elizayo.Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezikhuphisanayo ezihlukeneyo, isabelo sabavelisi abancinci siya kuchithwa ngabavelisi abakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, abathengi abasezantsi banelifu elixubeneyo, ukuhanjiswa kwamafu amaninzi, ibhalansi yababoneleli kunye nezinye iimfuno, kwaye abavelisi abancinci abaneenzuzo ezahlukeneyo zokukhuphisana basenendawo yokusinda kwixesha elizayo.Kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwiJinshanyun, njl.

Sincoma ukugxila kumathuba okukhula okuqhubekayo kubathengisi be-IaaS abaphezulu. Abathengisi bamafu abakhulu behlabathi bakhula ngekota yengeniso engaphezulu kwe-20% ngonyaka, ukukhula kukonke kweshishini lomelele.I-Tencent ayizange ichaze ngokwahlukeneyo idatha yekota, kodwa ingxelo yezemali ye-19 ibonise ingeniso yeshishini lefu elingaphezu kwe-17 yeebhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni, izinga lokukhula lidlula umyinge woshishino.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhula kwengeniso yabavelisi abakhulu bamafu e-China nase-United States, i-Alibaba Cloud Q3 izinga lokukhula libalulekile.Ukuzuza kwinguqu yedijithali, ngakumbi ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwe-Intanethi, imali, ukuthengisa kunye nezinye izisombululo zeshishini, ingeniso yekota ye-Alibaba Cloud ifikelele kwi-14.9 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, inyuke nge-60% ngonyaka (i-Amazon Cloud ikhule nge-29%, iMicrosoft Azure 48%).Imakethi yamafu kawonkewonke yaseTshayina ikhula ngokukhawuleza, urhulumente kunye namashishini emveli akwixesha lenguqu yedijithali, kwaye abantu abazibhiliyoni ezi-1.4 benza imakethi enkulu yabathengi, ividiyo, usasazo oluphilayo, ukuthengisa okutsha kunye namanye amashishini akhula ngokukhawuleza.Ngento eyenzekayo yamashishini e-Intanethi asekhaya aya elwandle, sigweba ukuba abavelisi benkonzo yelifu lasekhaya basenendawo ebanzi yokuphucula kwisabelo semarike yehlabathi.

Ngokumalunga nenkcitho yemali enkulu, inkcitho eyinkunzi yabavelisi bamafu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe iguquke intle emva kwe-Q4, ebonisa ukuba ishishini le-computing yefu lisekwi-upcycle.Kwi-Q3 2020Q3, i-US FAMGA inkcitho ye-capital capital inyuke i-29% ngonyaka, ngelixa i-BAT yaseTshayina i-capital expenditure yanda i-47% ngonyaka.Imfuno yeenkonzo zefu esezantsi ngumqhubi osisiseko wenkcitho enkulu yabathengisi bamafu.Imfuno ye-market ye-IaaS isenamandla, ngoko ke utyalo-mali olunxulumene ne-IaaS luya kuphinda lube kumjikelezo weshishini eliphezulu kwixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide.

3.3 I-IDC: Ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo lwengingqi kunye nemfuno iya kubakho ixesha elide.Kucetyiswa ukuba kunikelwe ingqalelo kumntu wesithathu onemithombo engundoqo kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala

Njengesiseko soshishino lwe-computing yefu, i-IDC izuza kuphuhliso loshishino olusezantsi kwaye ikwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza.Sigweba ukuba ishishini lisenakho ukugcina izinga lokukhula malunga ne-30% kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo.Ukuphuhliswa kwe-Intanethi kunye namashishini ekhompyutheni yefu kuye kwandise imfuno yokugcina idatha kunye nekhompyutha.Ngokunyuka kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha efana ne-5G, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto, imfuno yexesha elizayo iya kwandisa ngakumbi indawo yentengiso.Ukongeza, imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha yeziseko zophuhliso iyaqhubeka ukukhupha izinto ezilungileyo.EUnited States, i-IDC igxininisa ikakhulu ekwakhiweni ngokutsha nokwandisa, ngoxa eTshayina, isagxile kulwakhiwo olutsha.Ngenxa yokuqalisa kade kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo, iChina iza kugcina izinga lokukhula kwe-25-30% kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ubungakanani bayo beshishini bebonke kulindeleke ukuba buphindeke kabini ukusuka kwi-156.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngowama-2019 ukuya kwi-320.1 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.

Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukuveliswa kwedatha, isitokhwe sangoku se-IDC e-China sisemva kakhulu.Njengomvelisi omkhulu wedatha kwihlabathi, i-China yenza ngaphezulu kwe-23% yedatha yehlabathi rhoqo ngonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, isitokhwe samaziko amakhulu edatha yi-8% kuphela yehlabathi, kwaye oovimba abonelanga.Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo okuqhubekayo kwemveliso yedata eTshayina, ishishini le-IDC linendawo enkulu yokukhula.Nangona abavelisi be-IDC bangoku bekwinqanaba lokuhluthwa komhlaba kunye nokukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa, olona nikezelo lusebenzayo lusenokungahlangabezani nemfuno yemarike yexesha elizayo.Amashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu zokulibaziseka kunye nokhuseleko kusafuneka abekwe kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala iqinisiwe.Nokuba unikezelo kwizixeko ezikwinqanaba lesibini luyanda, ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo lwengingqi kunye nemfuno kuya kuhlala kukho ixesha elide.

Sicebisa ukuba kunikelwe ingqalelo kubathengisi be-IDC beqela lesithathu abaneengenelo kumhlaba kunye nemithombo yombane wamanzi kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala.Okwangoku, abavelisi be-IDC beqela lesithathu bathatha esona sabelo siphambili semarike kwihlabathi liphela, ngelixa ishishini le-IDC laseTshayina lisalawulwa ngabaqhubi be-telecom, kunye nezibonelelo zangaphambili kwimithombo kunye nesikali.Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwe-computing yefu kunye noshishino lwe-Intanethi lubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kumaziko edatha, kunye nezixeko zokuqala ezifana neBeijing kunye ne-Shanghai zinciphisa isalathisi sokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye zifuna i-PUE yamaziko amatsha edatha ukuba ube ngaphantsi kwe-1.3 okanye 1.4.Abathengisi be-IDC beqela lesithathu banenzuzo kwisantya sokuphendula kwabathengi, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, ukusebenza kunye nolawulo lweendleko.Isabelo semarike yabasebenzi baseTshayina kwintsimi ye-IDC yehle ukusuka kuma-52.4% ngowama-2017 ukuya kuma-49.5%, kwaye sigweba ukuba isabelo sabavelisi be-IDC beqela lesithathu siya kunyuka ngakumbi.

Ukwandiswa kwesikali kuseyeyona ndlela isisiseko yokuba abavelisi be-IDC bafumane ukukhula, kwaye ukugxila kwintengiso kulindeleke ukuba kuphucuke.Emva kophando lwekhonkco loshishino, sifumanise ukuba abavelisi be-IDC banethemba malunga nemfuno yentengiso kule minyaka imbalwa izayo, kwaye bakhetha isicwangciso sokwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukufikelela kuhlumo lwengeniso.Ishishini le-IDC lifuna utyalo-mali olunzima kwii-asethi.Okwangoku, kukho amawaka ABENKI basekhaya abaneelayisensi ze-IDC, kwaye isabelo somntu wesithathu sabavelisi be-IDC singaphantsi kwe-5%, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imakethi isasazeke.I-Equinix, inkokeli yehlabathi, yanda ngokukhawuleza kwimarike yehlabathi ngokufumana i-UK's Telecity Group ngo-2015 kunye neshishini le-IDC ye-Verizon ngo-2017.Ngo-2020 H1, i-m&a scale ye-Equinix ibalelwa kuma-48%, ngelixa i-m&a scale yenkokeli yasekhaya i-GANGUO Data yenza kuphela i-14.3%.Ngokwendlela yophuhliso ye-Equinix, abavelisi be-IDC basekhaya banokukhawulezisa ukufunyanwa ukwandisa amandla okwenza ukukhula kwemfuno engenakho ukufezekiswa ngokuzakhela kunye neendlela zokuqeshisa.Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwemarike kuya kunceda idatha ye-GDS, i-21vianet, i-Baoxin Software, i-Halo New network kunye nabanye abavelisi.

3.4 Iseva: Ukubuyisela umva kwimarike yexesha elifutshane ayitshintshi ulindelo oluphezulu lwexesha elide

Iiseva, njengezona zixhobo ziphambili ze-hardware yoyilo lwenethiwekhi, zixhamla ekukhuleni okukhawulezayo kweshishini le-computing yaseTshayina.Ngokutsho kwe-IDC, kwi-q3 2020Q3, ukukhula kwengeniso ye-server yehlabathi jikelele kwancipha ukuya kwi-2.2% unyaka nonyaka, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwe-0.2% kancinci, kodwa ingeniso yemarike ye-server yase-China ikhule nge-14.2%, igcina ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ingeniso yabavelisi be-chip ye-server ephezulu yehla, kwaye ingeniso ye-server ye-server ye-Tiao Ulwazi iyancipha kwi-Q3.Sikholelwa ukuba esona sizathu siphambili kukuqhubela phambili kwemfuno ye-Q3 ngenxa ye-OUTBREAK ye-Q2 ubhubhane.Ukuguquguquka kwenzuzo yekota enye akutshintshi ishishini le-cloud computing ixesha elide isigwebo esiphezulu seshishini.

Ngenkcitho eyinkunzi ye-downstream giants cloud giants ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifuna ngamandla, sigweba ukuba i-cloud computing industry isekwi-upcycle ngo-2021. Ngokwembali, i-cloud computing upcycles ithatha ubuncinane iikota ezisibhozo.Emva kweminyaka eli-18 yenkcitho yemali eyinkunzi eshushu kakhulu yabavelisi abakhulu belifu ehlabathini kunye neminyaka eli-19 yogcino-zincwadi, inkcitho eyinkunzi ye-DOMESTIC BAT kwi-Q4 iye yakhokela ekubuyiseni ukukhula okuhle okungama-35% xa kuthelekiswa nehlabathi kwiminyaka eli-19.I-Q3, nangona ihla ukusuka kwi-Q2's izinga lokukhula eliphezulu le-97%, lalisele i-47% ephezulu kune-29% yezinga lokukhula e-United States.Umncedisi wokulandelela phezulu kwi-BMC chip umenzi we-Sinhua ubhengeze idatha yengeniso yenyanga, nangona inkampani yaqala ukukhula okungalunganga kwengeniso ngo-Agasti, kodwa ibuyele ekukhuleni okulungileyo ngoNovemba, uqikelelo lweminyaka engama-21 ye-cloud computing industry kusalindeleke ukuba igcine ukukhula okuphezulu.

Ngokuthengiswa kwe-5G endleleni, ukuqhuma kwedatha yedatha kuya kuqhuba ukukhula kwimarike yeseva.Ngokutsho kweSouth Korea, abasebenzisi be-5G basebenzisa amaxesha e-2.5 ngaphezulu kwetrafikhi ngomntu ngamnye kunabasebenzisi be-4G. Inani labasebenzisi be-5G e-China liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphezu kwe-25% ngenyanga.Ngokusekelwe kumava embali, ukuphuculwa kwesizukulwana ngasinye seteknoloji yonxibelelwano lweselula kwandisa i-DoU ngomyinge wamaxesha alishumi, ngoko kuqikelelwa ukuba i-DoU yabasebenzisi be-5G iya kufikelela kwi-50G / ngenyanga nge-2025. I-5G ye-computing edge yorhwebo kunye nezinye iimeko ezintsha ziya kukhuthaza iseva. , ukugcinwa kunye nezinye iziseko ze-IT zifuna ukukhula, kodwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwedatha, iimfuno zekhompyutheni ziphezulu, i-computing ehlakaniphile, i-intelligence yokwenziwa kunye neemveliso ze-fusion ye-server ziya kuba neendawo ezininzi zemarike.Ngokwedatha ye-IDC yoqikelelo lwedatha, ubungakanani bemarike yeseva yehlabathi buza phantse kabini ukuya kwi-12 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2020 kunye ne-21.33 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2025.

3.5 I-SaaS: i-catalysis yezinto ezininzi, kwixesha elibalulekileyo lokutshintsha, indawo yokubeka yangoku

Ngokumalunga nobungakanani bemarike, iyonke imarike yasekhaya ye-SaaS isemva kwe-US ngeminyaka emi-5-10.Ngo-2019, ingeniso yeshishini lelifu le-Salesforce yafikelela kwi-110.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ngelixa ubungakanani bemarike ye-SaaS yase-China iyonke yayiyi-34.1 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.Kodwa ngenxa yokuba imakethi ye-SaaS yasekhaya ikwixesha lenguquko yelifu, izinga lokukhula limalunga nokuphindwe kabini kwelo lehlabathi, ukukhula okukhawulezayo kuzisa indawo ebanzi yophuhliso.

Imakethi ye-SaaS yaseTshayina isemva ngenxa yezinto ezintathu eziphambili: okokuqala, inqanaba lolwazi lwasekhaya liphantsi.I-United States iye yaqhuba ulwakhiwo lwe-informatization kunye nokuthandwa kangangamashumi eminyaka, ngelixa ulwazi lwemarike ye-China kunye nesiseko solwazi ngokucacileyo sisalela emva kweYurophu kunye ne-United States, i-informatization kunye nolwakhiwo lwedijithali alufezekanga, kwaye amashishini anika ngqalelo ekuphuculeni ulawulo olusebenzayo.okwesibini, Inqanaba layo lobugcisa alanelanga, ilizwe lethu ishishini le-SaaS lininzi kodwa alilungile, inqanaba lobugcisa lilele ngasemva, ukuzinza kwemveliso kubuthathaka.Ekugqibeleni, ukungabikho kwamajelo.Kwixesha lesoftware yemveli, imeko yetshaneli ibaluleke kakhulu.Ngexesha le-SaaS, inkqubo yokubhaliselwa inciphisa ingeniso yokuthengisa yetshaneli, kwaye inkqubo yokuhlaziya inciphisa ingqiqo yokhuseleko lomjelo, okhokelela kwinjongo ephantsi yokunyuswa kwesiteshi, iindleko eziphezulu zokuthengwa kwabathengi kunye nokwandiswa kweemarike ngokukhawuleza.Imijelo iseyeyona nto ixhathisayo ekukhuthazeni ishishini le-SaaS e-China.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-United States, abavelisi be-SaaS abakwinqanaba leshishini laseTshayina bakwixesha elibalulekileyo lotshintsho, kunye nezalathisi ezahlukeneyo zemali kunye neshishini ekufuneka ziphuculwe, kwaye uphuhliso olucwangcisiweyo luyintlungu.Amashishini amakhulu e-China aneemfuno eziphezulu zophuhliso olulungiselelweyo, kwaye abavelisi be-SaaS kufuneka batyale iindleko eziphezulu ze-R&D kwaye babe nomjikelo omde wophuhliso.Ukuba umsebenzi weemveliso ezifanayo uya kuwela kukhuphiswano lwexabiso, ukunciphisa inzuzo yenkampani.Amashishini aseMelika anomgangatho ophezulu wokulinganisa imveliso kwaye kulula ukwandisa i-TAM (iMarike eDityanisiweyo iyonke).Oko kukuthi, umthamo weemveliso zangaphambili unokwandiswa kwezinye iindawo, uphahla lwamashishini asele lukhona lunokwaphulwa, indawo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwiMarike inokunyuswa, utyalo-mali lweendleko ezingaphambili lunokuhlanjululwa, kwaye inzuzo yomelele.Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenza nzulu intsebenziswano kunye namashishini amakhulu, abavelisi be-SaaS baseTshayina banokwenza lula kwaye bahlengahlengise iimveliso zabo emva kokugqiba iiprojekthi zokulinganisa, kwaye ke amashishini amancinci naphakathi angakhetha imisebenzi ethile ayifunayo, ngoko ke ukwandiswa kwemveliso yexesha elizayo kuya kuba kukhulu.

Nangona kukho umsantsa phakathi kweTshayina kunye ne-United States, kodwa sikholelwa ukuba uphuhliso lweshishini lasekhaya le-SaaS lifikelele kwindawo yokuguquguquka, okwangoku kusekho indawo yokubeka.Okokuqala, imfundo yemarike yoshishino lwasekhaya lwe-SaaS ivuthiwe, oovimba betekhnoloji, enye imfuno yasekhaya kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo ikhona.Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe lishumi yokukhuthazwa kwemfundo, ukuqondwa kolwazi lwamashishini kuye kwavela kwinqanaba elingekho nzulu lemathiriyeli yephepha le-elektroniki ukuya kwimfuno yedijithali yeshishini, ehambelana nethuba lokutshintshwa kwendawo.Okwesibini, amashishini e-SaaS asekhaya ngokwawo akhula ngokukhawuleza.Nangona isikali sophuhliso sincinci, kodwa i-kingdee, i-Ufida kunye namanye amashishini enguqu athembele ekuqondeni kwabo kwishishini kunye nesiphumo sophawu, baqhubeke nokwandisa isabelo sabo semarike.Ukusukela ukungqubana kwezorhwebo, ingqikelelo yolawulo oluzimeleyo e-China iya icaca ngakumbi, iguquguquko eligubungele ilifu ngobunzulu, sikholelwa ukuba imodeli ye-SaaS yamashishini esoftware yasekhaya ukunika ithuba lokudlula ijika, uphuhliso loshishino lwe-SaaS lufikelele kwi indawo yokutshintsha.

Ababoneleli be-software bemveli, abavelisi be-SaaS abarhwebi kunye namashishini e-Intanethi ngabona bathatha inxaxheba kwimarike ye-SaaS yaseTshayina, bakhuphisana kunye nokusebenzisana omnye nomnye.Intsebenziswano ye-Ecological phakathi kwabavelisi be-Intanethi kunye nabavelisi bamashishini ixhaphake kakhulu: okwangoku, abavelisi be-Intanethi bagxile kakhulu kwishishini lenqanaba le-IaaS kunye ne-PaaS, i-SaaS track layout imbalwa, akukho khuphiswano olukhulu, kushishino oluthe nkqo kunye noshishino kwiindawo ezithe nkqo (ezifana ne imfundo, ukuthengisa, iCRM, imali kunye nerhafu, njl.) Abavelisi be-Intanethi bahlanganiswe njengabavelisi beteknoloji.Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabathengisi be-SaaS abarhwebi kunye nabathengisi besoftware bemveli abaguqulela kwi-SaaS ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi: amashishini amakhulu anezinga eliphezulu lokungena kwesoftware yemveli athembeke kakhulu kwi-kingdee, eYonyou nakwabanye abathengisi bemveli, kodwa abathengisi boshishino banenzuzo kumacandelo athile, ngoko ke kukho kwakhona. intsebenziswano okanye ukudibanisa utyalo-mali kunye nokufunyanwa.Umzekelo: Utyalo-mali lwe-Kingdee lwamazwe ngamazwe lunandipha ukuthengiswa kwabathengi (CRM) kunye ne-Myriad technology.Iinkampani ze-Intanethi kunye nabarhwebi besoftware yemveli ukuphonononga iindlela zophuhliso, kunye nentsebenziswano kwindalo: Abathengisi be-Intanethi banenzuzo yendlela, ishishini lesoftware yemveli lijolise kwimveliso ephezulu ye-SaaS, kodwa iindidi ezimbini zabathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike bakhetha ukuba yiofisi eshinyeneyo ephakathi, babonelele ngekhowudi esezantsi akukho khowudi. iqonga lophuhliso, ukukhuthaza ubunzulu kunye nobubanzi bemveliso, ukomeleza ulwakhiwo lwendalo.

I-TAM yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela inqanaba lokuxabisa abavelisi benkonzo ye-SaaS yeshishini, emisela ngokuthe ngqo indawo yokukhula kwengeniso yamashishini kwixesha elizayo.NgokweNgxelo yoPhuhliso lwamaShishini angama-500 aseTshayina, iChina inenani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci naphakathi.Kucingelwa ukuba amashishini aseTshayina aya kwamkela ngakumbi kwifu kwishishini labo, khetha izixhobo ze-SaaS zolawulo lwamashishini, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye izinga lokungena kwimodeli yokubhalisa liya kwanda kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuqwalasela ukuba izinga lokungena kwe-SaaS kwezinye iinkampani zaseMelika lifikelele kwi-95% okanye ngaphezulu, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-TAM inokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-560 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan ngokusekelwe kwixabiso leyunithi yabathengi bamashishini abaphononongwa kwi-industrial chain.Kwaye ngokunyuka kwenani lamashishini e-China, ukukhula okunokwenzeka kwisikali semarike yaseTshayina kukhulu.Phakathi kwabo, amashishini amakhulu anengeniso yonyaka engaphezulu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni ze-yuan anexabiso eliphezulu leyunithi yomthengi, kodwa inani lamashishini lincinci;Ixabiso leyunithi yomthengi wamashishini amancinci naphakathi liphantsi, kodwa inani lininzi.Isitshixo sababoneleli besoftware ye-SaaS ukufumana ukukhula kwengeniso yexesha elide kukubamba abathengi esinqeni, kwaye ixabiso elipheleleyo le-ARPU linokuphuculwa ngokuqhekeza abathengi bamashishini amakhulu.Iimfuno zamashishini amakhulu kwiimveliso ze-SaaS azikhawulelwanga kwimisebenzi elula efana ne-automation yeofisi kunye nombane weshishini, kodwa ukudibanisa kakhulu iimveliso kunye neenkqubo zoshishino lweshishini, kwaye ngokwenene ibe sisixhobo solawulo lweshishini.

Ishishini laseTshayina i-SaaS igxile kwintengiso iphantsi, kwaye sikholelwa ukuba ababoneleli besoftware ye-ERP yemveli abaguqula ikhompuyutha yamafu banokuba nako ukukhula okukhulu.Ngokwezibalo ze-IDC, amashishini amahlanu aphezulu kwimakethi ye-SaaS yeshishini e-China kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020 abalelwa kwi-21.6% kuphela yemarike.Imarike iphantsi kolawulo kwaye iqondo lokugxila liphantsi.Ipateni yokhuphiswano kwiimarike zezicelo ezahlukeneyo yahlukile, kwaye lithuba elihle lokucwangcisa.

Sikholelwa ukuba abavelisi bemveli be-ERP kwixesha elibalulekileyo lokuguqulwa kwe-computing yefu banokukhula okukhulu.Isoftware ye-ERP yesiNtu yeyonyou, iKingdee kunye namanye amashishini anezinga eliphezulu lokungena kunye nokuthembela phakathi kwamashishini amakhulu naphakathi, kwaye lukhetho lokuqala lwendawo.Sebenzisana ngokusondeleyo namashishini amakhulu, ube nokuqonda okunzulu kwenkqubo yoshishino lwabathengi, kwaye ube nokukwazi ukusebenzisana namashishini amakhulu, amava olawulo lwamashishini amakhulu ukuphindaphinda kumashishini amancinci naphakathi, ukunceda amashishini amancinci naphakathi kwinguqu yedijithali. ;U-Kingdee kunye no-Yonyou bakwisikhundla esiphezulu kumacandelo emarike ngeqondo eliphezulu lokumiswa emgangathweni kunye nemarike ngokubanzi, njengemali kunye nezibonelelo zabasebenzi, kwaye banoluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso.Banendawo enkulu yemarike yokuthatha inxaxheba kunye namandla okukhula okuphezulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-TAM, isilingi ye-TAM ibonakala ngakumbi kubavelisi be-SaaS abarhwebi kwishishini lokwahlulahlula, kodwa abavelisi be-SaaS abakhokelayo kwindawo yokwahlulahlula njengeMingyuan Cloud basenokufumana ukukhula okukhawulezayo ngoncedo lweenzuzo zemveliso kunye nobume boshishino, kwaye emva koko bafumane ngaphezulu. ixabiso eligqithisiweyo, elikwafanele ingqalelo.I-Alibaba, i-Tencent kunye nabanye abathengisi be-Intanethi bagxile ngakumbi kwi-infrastructure IaaS kunye ne-PaaS market, kwaye ngakumbi bathatha indima yabathengisi abadibeneyo kwimarike ye-SaaS.

Ukusuka kumbono woqikelelo, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo ze-SaaS baseTshayina banegumbi elininzi lokuphucula.Kukho ngaphezulu kwe-70 edwelisiweyo yamashishini e-SaaS e-United States, kubandakanywa amanye anemali yentengiso engaphezulu kwe-100 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Ngelixa uninzi lweenkampani zaseTshayina zingekadweliswa, yiYonyou kuphela, enye yeenkampani ezinkulu ezidwelisiweyo, exabisa ngaphezulu kwe-20 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Umyinge we-PS yeenkampani zaseMelika phantse amaxesha angama-40, ngelixa iinkampani zaseTshayina zingaphantsi kwamaxesha angama-30.Esona sizathu sisisiseko somahluko kukuba amashishini e-American SaaS anenqanaba eliphezulu le-cloudization, oko kukuthi, anomlinganiselo ophezulu wengeniso yoshishino lwamafu.Emva kwe-R&D yokuqala kunye nenkcitho yokuthengisa, bangene kwixesha lokukhula elizinzile, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwengeniso kunye nengeniso eseleyo liphezulu.Ukukhula kwengeniso yeenkampani ze-SaaS e-China kukwi-avareji ye-21%, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha somndilili wase-US, kwaye inzuzo eseleyo ibisembi ngokomndilili.Ngokunzulu kotshintsho lwamashishini e-SaaS yaseTshayina, ukwanda kwengeniso yoshishino lwamafu kunye nokuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe ukusebenza, ixabiso lemarike lisenalo ngaphezu kwe-30% igumbi lokuphucula kwixesha elizayo.

I-4, i-Intanethi yeZinto ukuya kushishino lokufika, gxininisa kumathuba amathathu otyalo-mali athe tye

4.1 Imigodi yegolide yebhiliyoni yonxibelelwano lwezinto, ikhonkco lemboniselo yeshishini ukwamkela amathuba

Inani le-Intanethi yeZinto (iot) zoqhagamshelo liphezulu kakhulu kunelo le-Intanethi yeZinto (iot).Ngokutsho kwe-GSMA, ishishini le-iot yehlabathi belixabisa i-343 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2019 kwaye liza kufikelela kwi-1.12 yetriliyoni yeedola ngo-2025, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo elingaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-20.Ngokutsho kwe-IoT Analytics, ekupheleni kuka-2020, kuya kubakho iibhiliyoni ezili-11.7 zezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-IoT kwi-21.7 yeebhiliyoni zezixhobo ezixhunyiwe kwihlabathi jikelele.Ngenani lezinto eziqhagamshelwe kwihlabathi elidlula inani labantu abaqhagamshelwe kuyo, i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ibonakala njengesizukulwana esilandelayo seziseko zoshishino kuwo wonke amashishini kunye nemida, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe yithuba elikhulu lotyalo-mali kwi-ICT kwixesha elizayo. Iminyaka engama-30.

Inkqubo ye-Intanethi yezinto ihamba phambili e-China, kwaye inani loqhagamshelwano ngabaqhubi behlabathi lithatha ezintathu eziphezulu.Inkqubo yophuhliso lwe-Intanethi yeZinto yehlabathi inokuqikelelwa ngokwenani le-intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto ezidityanisiweyo zabaqhubi.Ukuphuhliswa kwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto kukhokelela kwihlabathi.Ngokutsho kwe-IoT Analytics, i-China yeselula yayinonxibelelwano oluninzi lwe-IoT yeselula ngo-2015, ibalwa ngeepesenti ze-19.Ngo-2020H1, i-Intanethi yeselula ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-54%, i-Unicom kunye ne-Telecom zibalwa kwi-9% kunye ne-11% ngokulandelanayo.Abaqhubi abathathu abakhulu baseTshayina babalelwa kwi-74 yeepesenti yoqhagamshelo lwe-iot yeselula, enye yezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi.I-China iye yaqhubela phambili inani loqhagamshelwano lwe-Intanethi yeZinto, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuphuculwa kolwakhiwo lweziseko zonxibelelwano lwasekhaya kunye nokukhuthazwa komgaqo-nkqubo.

Uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi Yezinto lusekwixabiso eliphantsi lobuntwana.Ukujonga ingeniso yehlabathi jikelele ye-IoT ishishini, i-ARPU ye-IoT ishishini labaqhubi abakhulu lingaphantsi kwe-$ 10 ngenyanga, ngelixa i-NUMBER ye-NB-iot yokudibanisa e-China i-akhawunti engaphezulu, kwaye i-ARPU ingaphantsi kwe-$ 1 ngenyanga.Uqhagamshelo lwe-iot yehlabathi lusesebuncinaneni kwaye umthamo wexabiso lomsebenzisi uphantsi.Ngokwandiswa kwenombolo yoqhagamshelwano kunye nesicelo, ixabiso linomkhuba okhulayo.

I-Intanethi yezinto kulo lonke ixesha le-hype, ukuya kwindawo yoshishino.Ngokomjikelo wetekhnoloji ye-hype epapashwe nguGartner, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha ludla ngokuqala kwindawo yokuqala, emva koko i-media hype iphakame kwaye igqabhuke, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifikelele kwincopho yokusetyenziswa njengoko itekhnoloji ikhula. Ngokomkhwa we-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Index yeZinto, sinokufumanisa ukuba i-2015 yayiyincopho ye-bubble ye-Intanethi yeZinto kwishishini, i-2016 yayisezantsi kwecandelo le-Intanethi yeZinto, kunye nomthamo wokurhweba kunye nesalathiso. Icandelo le-Intanethi yeZinto linyuke ngokuthe chu ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya ku-2020.kufanelekile ukutyala imali ekukhuleni kwecandelwana.Ukujonga emva kuphuhliso lweshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto ngo-2020, indawo yotyalo-mali iya kuba phantsi kwezi ndlela zintathu:

I-Trend 1: Imigangatho iya isiba ngokufanayo

Imigangatho yonxibelelwano yokufika, intsebenziswano yomanyano lweshishini.1) Ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho yonxibelelwano:Ngo-Epreli ka-2020, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi (MIIT) ukhuphe iSaziso sokuKhuthaza uPhuhliso oluKhawulezileyo lwe-5G, olucebise imigangatho yonxibelelwano ebalulekileyo kunye nemigaqo yokukhuthaza i-5G kunye ne-LT-V2X kulwakhiwo lwezixeko ezihlakaniphile kunye nokuhamba ngobuchule.NgoMeyi, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTeknoloji yoLwazi (MIIT) ikhuphe iSaziso sokuNxibisa uPhuhliso oluBanzi lwe-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto, iphakamisa ukuba i-NB-iot kunye neCat1 iya kusebenzisana ukwenza i-2G / 3G ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi ye-Intanethi yeZinto;NgoJulayi 2020, i-International Telecommunication Union (ITU) yagqiba ekubeni yenze i-NB-iot kunye ne-NR umgangatho we-5G.2) INtsebenziswano yoMdibaniso woShishino:NgoDisemba ka-2020, phantsi kwesikhokelo kunye nenkxaso yeSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, izifundiswa ezingama-24 zeZiko leSayensi laseTshayina kunye neZiko leSayensi laseTshayina kunye namashishini aphambili angama-65 asungule ngokudibeneyo i-OLA Alliance.I-OLA Alliance iya kuzibophelela ekuphuhliseni imigangatho efanelekileyo ye-ZONKE Izinto, ukuqonda ukuqondana kunye nokutshintshiselana nemigangatho yehlabathi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obunxulumeneyo kunye namashishini.

Umzila wesibini: Indibaniselwano enzulu yobuchwepheshe

I-Intanethi yeZinto yohlulwe ibe ngamakhonkco amane: ingqikelelo yokubona, i-network layer, iqonga leqonga kunye ne-application layer.Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yekhonkco ngalinye lukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yoshishino lwe-Intanethi yeZinto.Uphuculo lweteknoloji yangoku lubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwi-network layer kunye ne-application layer.Kwinqanaba lenethiwekhi, ukuthengiswa kwe-5G kunye ne-push ye-WiFi6 iye yaphucula ngakumbi uthungelwano lonxibelelwano, ukukhawuleza inkqubela phambili ehamba phambili ye-Intanethi yeZithuthi kunye ne-Intanethi ye-Industrial yeZinto.Kwinqanaba lesicelo, ukudibanisa i-computing yefu, i-AI, i-blockchain kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji kunye ne-Intanethi yeZinto ziye zaphucula ixabiso leenkonzo zesicelo.

Umzila wesithathu: Isikali esikhulu kumdlalo

Ngaphambili, abona badlali baphambili kwishishini le-Intanethi yeZinto yayiziingxilimbela ze-Intanethi ezinemali eyomeleleyo.Babeke amanqanaba amaninzi kwi-Intanethi yeZinto kwaye bakha i-Intanethi yeZinto ecosystem.Into esiyibonayo ngoku kukuba iinqununu ze-chain chain chain zingena kwintsimi kwizinga elikhulu ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili ye-Intanethi yezinto.Iingxilimbela kwikhonkco lezoshishino zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili:

I-1) Ingqikelelo yombono: Igxile kakhulu kubavelisi be-hardware abangaphantsi, kuquka abavelisi be-chip (i-Qualcomm, i-Huawei), abavelisi beenzwa (i-Bosch, i-Broad Com), abavelisi beemodyuli (i-Sierra Wireless, i-Remote Communications), njl., zonke eziye zasungulwa. iimveliso ze-blockbuster iot, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iimveliso ze-hardware ezivuthiweyo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zecandelo.

I-2) Umaleko womnatha: Ngokuyintloko kubaqhubi be-telecom, abakhokela ulwakhiwo lwe-Intanethi yeZinto zenethiwekhi kunye nokukhawulezisa isigqi soshishino se-Intanethi yeZinto zothungelwano.Abaqhubi beTelecom nabo bathatha ithuba letshaneli yabo yenethiwekhi ukwandisa zombini kunye nokusezantsi komjelo weshishini.

3) Umaleko wesicelo: Ikakhulu kwi-Intanethi ezinkulu kunye nezigebenga zeshishini lemveli, iingxilimbela ze-Intanethi zijolise kwicala ukusuka ukuya ku-C ukuya esiphelweni se-B, izigebenga zeshishini lemveli (ezinje ngeHaier, Midea, Siemens) zithatha inyathelo lokuqala lokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Wezinto kwiindawo zabo, kwaye bakhuphele ngokukhutheleyo kwamanye amashishini.

(2) Ikhonkco leshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto lide kwaye lincinci, kwaye umaleko wokujonga ungowokuqala ukuxhamla

Ikhonkco leshishini le-Intanethi lezinto landisa ixesha elide kwaye lincinci, kwaye umaleko wokujonga ungowokuqala ukuxhamla.Ikhonkco leshishini le-iot lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amane:1) Ukuqhekeka koluhlu lwesicelo;2) Iqonga elithi Matthew effect liyavela;3) Ukubambisana kwemigangatho emininzi kwinqanaba lenethiwekhi;4) Umdibaniso wokudityaniswa komgangatho wokuqonda.Iminyaka emihlanu ezayo iya kuba yiminyaka emihlanu ye-Intanethi yezinto zokwandisa uxhulumaniso, kwaye iinzuzo eziphambili ziyinzwa, i-chip core, imodyuli, i-MCU, i-terminal kunye nabanye abavelisi be-hardware.

4.2 I-Intanethi yeZithuthi yenye yezona meko zibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-5G, kwaye indawo yentengiso kule minyaka ilishumi izayo kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-2 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan.

Umgaqo-nkqubo kuqala, imephu yendlela yezithuthi zaseTshayina ezikrelekrele neziqhagamshelweyo zicacile.NgoNovemba ka-2020, iZiko leSizwe eliQhagamshelweyo lokuQala iSithuthi lakhupha “iNdlela yeTekhnoloji eQhagamshelwe ngoBukrelekrele beNdlela 2.0″ yesicwangciso sophuhliso lwesithuthi esikrelekrele.Ukususela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025, i-L2 kunye ne-L3 izithuthi ezihlakaniphile ezizimeleyo ezixhunyiwe e-China zibalelwa kwi-50% yokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zizonke, kunye nesantya sendibano yemoto entsha ye-terminal ye-CV2X ifikelele kwi-50%.Izithuthi ezizimeleyo eziphakamileyo zifezekisa izicelo zorhwebo kwiindawo ezilinganiselwe kunye neemeko ezithile;Ukususela kwi-2026 ukuya kwi-2030, i-l2-L3 izithuthi ezidibeneyo ezihlakaniphile ziya kuphendula ngaphezu kwe-70% yomthamo wokuthengisa, iimodeli zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo ze-L4 ziya kuphendula kwi-20%, kunye ne-C-V2X i-terminal entsha izixhobo zemoto ziya kuthandwa ngokusisiseko;Ukususela kwi-2031 ukuya kwi-2035, zonke iintlobo zezithuthi ezixhunyiwe kunye neenqwelo ezizimelayo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ziya kusebenza ngokubanzi;Emva kwe-2035, iimoto ze-L5 zabakhweli ezizimeleyo ziya kusetyenziswa.

Ufakelo lwangaphambili lwe-Intanethi yezithuthi luba luqhelekileyo, kwaye izinga lomthwalo liphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokwezibalo ze-gaOGong Intelligent Vehicle Research Institute, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba 2020, umngcipheko we-Intanethi ye-4G yezithuthi yi-5.8591 yezigidi, ngokukhula konyaka-ngonyaka we-44.22%;Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuSeptemba, izinga lokulayisha libe ngama-46.21%, linyuke phantse ngama-20% unyaka nonyaka.I-T-ibhokisi kunye nemodyuli yemoto zezona mveliso zibalulekileyo ze-hardware zokulayisha ngaphambili kwimoto, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zaba zizixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwimarike yeemoto.

Iinkampani ezizenzekelayo ziya kukhawulezisa izinga lokungena kwiimoto ezintsha ezidibeneyo kwaye zilungelelanise namanye amaqela ukuphuhlisa i-5G C-V2X. Ii-oems ezinkulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngenkuthalo zikhuthaza umsebenzi we-Intanethi wezithuthi zeemoto ezintsha, i-FAW, i-Ford, i-Changan, i-Ford kunye nezinye isicwangciso sokufikelela kwiipesenti ze-100 zeemoto ezintsha e-China ngo-2020. Kwangaxeshanye, ii-oveni zikhawuleza ukwakheka. ye-5G C-V2X ukubamba ukuphakama kwezobuchwepheshe.Ngo-Epreli ka-2019, iinkampani ze-auto zaseTshayina ezili-13 ezineempawu ezizimeleyo zakhupha ngokusemthethweni imephu yendlela yoRhwebo ye-C-V2X e-China, ejolise kwifestile yexesha lika-2020-2021 ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo kwishishini le-C-V2X e-China.Kwinqanaba langoku, bonke abavelisi bemodyuli abakhulu bakhawuleza ukucwangcisa i-5G intsimi yonxibelelwano lwezithuthi, kwaye i-HUAWEI, i-Yuyuan Communications kunye nezinye iimodyuli zonxibelelwano ze-5G ziye zathengiswa.

I-Intanethi yeZithuthi yenye yetekhnoloji ekhulileyo, eyona ndawo ibanzi, kunye nezona meko zipheleleyo ezixhasayo kwishishini phantsi kwe5G.Kuqikelelwa ukuba indawo iyonke phakathi kuka-2020 no-2030 iphantse ibe yi-2 yeetriliyoni zeeyuan, amo.I-Intanethi yeZithuthi yenye yeemeko zosetyenziso ezinobuchwepheshe obuqolileyo, i-mng apho "imoto ehlakaniphile", "indlela ehlakaniphileyo" kunye "nentsebenziswano yemoto" i-8350 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, i-2950 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kunye ne-763 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngokulandelelanayo.Okwangoku, ishishini le-Intanethi yeZithuthi lijongene ne-resonance yezinto ezintathu: umgaqo-nkqubo, iteknoloji kunye noshishino.Kulindeleke ukuba izinga lokukhula kweshishini liya kudlula i-60% kwi-2020. Kwinqanaba lobugcisa, i-c-V2X, iteknoloji yonxibelelwano oluphambili kwi-Intanethi yeZithuthi, iya ikhula ngokukhula.Inkqubela phambili encomekayo yenziwe kuzo zonke iinkalo ukusuka ekubekweni emgangathweni ukuya kwi-r&d industrialization ukuya kumboniso wezicelo.Kwinqanaba loshishino, iingxilimbela zetekhnoloji, abavelisi beemoto kunye nabavelisi bamafu zizinto ezintathu ezikhokelayo kubunzulu boyilo.Ingqwalasela yangoku yothungelwano lwemoto kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendlela kukukhawulezisa isikali soshishino.

Ngokusekelwe kumgaqo "weendleko-inzuzo", isantya sokwakha esiphambili se-Intanethi yeZithuthi siya kutshintshela emva naphambili phakathi "kobukrelekrele obubodwa" kunye "nobuhlakani obusebenzisanayo".Kwicala lesithuthi, sikholelwa ukuba kwi-2020-2025, izinga lokungena kwe-L1 / 2/3 lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo liya kuphinda kabini, ixabiso lesithuthi esinye liya kunyuka ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-15, kwaye inxalenye yexabiso lesofthiwe iya kunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-30%;Kwicala lendlela, sicinga ukuba i-expressway kunye ne-intersection yedolophu iya kuba yikhokelo ephambili yokufika "kwendlela ehlakaniphile", kwaye ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili kusekelwe kwizixhobo ze-hardware.Kwicala lothungelwano, inqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso loshishino ikakhulu kukuseka unxibelelwano.Ngolwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi yesikali se-5G kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-C-V2X ngo-2020, intsebenziswano yemoto ukuya endleleni iya kuqonda i-wave yokuqala yokufika kwindawo enkulu, ngaloo ndlela idonsa i-prelude yophuhliso lothungelwano lwesithuthi ukuya endleleni ukusuka kubukrelekrele obubodwa. kubukrelekrele bentsebenziswano.

Sicinga ukuba u-2020 sisikali sokuqala sothungelwano lwemoto esiwa emhlabeni, imoto ehlakaniphile, ubulumko bendlela kunye neenzame zentsebenziswano zendlela yokwakha indawo ezintathu ziya kulungelelaniswa, jonga kwisingqi sentsebenziswano yangoku ye-C - imboni yemoto ye-V2X. chain iphawuleka ngokukodwa, ngoko ke, sicebisa ukuba imodyuli yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, ekhokelela kunxibelelwano olukude, izisombululo zothutho ezikrelekrele Abavelisi bewaka lesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, abavelisi be-RSU beGenvict ubuchwepheshe, iteknoloji ye-WANji, i-OBU / i-T-box enxulumene nabavelisi abaphezulu abasakhasayo kunye nobugcisa. Umda womncedisi wekhompyutha abavelisi bolwazi lwamaza amaza.Ukongeza, sibona ukuba ibhayisekile ekrelekrele iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa, i-L1/L2/L3 isantya sokungena sokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo yimeko, ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba sithathele ingqalelo abavelisi bezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo, kubandakanya umenzi wesoftware ye-cockpit ekrelekrele uZhongkichuang da, inkokeli ye-IVI. UDesai Xiwei, umenzi weDMS uRui Ming Technology, njl.

4.3 I-Smart Home — Ukuphunyezwa kwesisombululo esikrelekrele kwimveliso enye kwindlu yonke

Izinga lemarike yasekhaya yaseTshayina likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iimveliso kunye ne-ecology zingundoqo wempumelelo yexesha elizayo.Umzi-mveliso wasekhaya waseTshayina waqala kade, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa itekhnoloji iyakhawuleza, ityhala ikhaya laseTshayina elikrelekrele kwindlela ekhawulezayo.Ngokutsho kwe-IDC, i-China yathumela iimveliso zasekhaya ezizizigidi ezingama-208 ngo-2019, phakathi kwazo ukhuseleko olulumkileyo, izithethi ezilumkileyo, ukukhanya okukrelekrele kunye nezinye iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphezulu.Ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane kunye nezinye izinto ezinkulu, u-2020 uqikelelwa ukuba uza kukhula nge-3% unyaka nonyaka, oya kuba ngunyaka obalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwentengiso.Ukuqonda imarike yasekhaya ehlakaniphile, i-AI kunye nezinye itekhnoloji zisekwinqanaba lokuphumelela, amava omsebenzisi kufuneka aphuculwe, i-ecosystem iyonke ayikabunjwa.Kwixesha elizayo lokuqhambuka kokudodobala kwemarike, amandla emveliso kunye ne-ecology kundoqo wokuphumelela kwixesha elizayo.

I-OLA Alliance yasekwa ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano lwekhaya oluhlakaniphile.Ngomhla we-1 kaDisemba, i-Open Link Association (i-OLA Alliance) yasungulwa ngokubambisana ngabafundi be-24, i-China Federation of Industrial Economics, i-Alibaba, i-Baidu, i-Haier, i-Huawei, i-JD, i-Xiaomi, i-China Telecom, i-China Institute of Information and Communication, i-China Mobile kunye amanye amaziko.I-OLA Alliance ijolise ekunikeni umdlalo opheleleyo kwizinto eziluncedo kwi-Intanethi yasekhaya yeZinto, ukwakha umgangatho wonxibelelwano olumanyeneyo kunye ne-ecosystem yeshishini le-Intanethi yeZinto ngetekhnoloji ekhokelayo ehambelana neempawu zeshishini laseTshayina, kwaye uyivule kwaye uyikhuthaze ihlabathi.Ngokwesicwangciso semveliso ye-OLA Alliance, ibhetshi yokuqala yeemveliso ezisekwe kumgangatho wokunxibelelana we-OLA Alliance, kubandakanywa izithethi ezilumkileyo, amasango, iirotha, ii-air conditioners, izibane ezilumkileyo, iimagnethi zomnyango, iiplatifti zamafu kunye neeapps, ziya kuqonda iqonga, i-cross-brand kunye ne-cross-category yemveliso yokusebenzisana, eye yakhuthaza kakhulu inkqubo yophuhliso lwekhaya elihlakaniphile e-China.
Ikhaya elihlakaniphile ukusuka kwimveliso eyodwa ukuya kwisisombululo esisodwa sokumisa.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwekhaya elihlakaniphile, ii-terminals zemveliso enye yayiyeyona nto iphambili, i-Wi-Fi, i-APP kunye nefu yayizizixhobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo, kwaye izithethi ezihlakaniphile zaba yimarike enkulu kwintsimi.Ngeengxilimbela ze-Intanethi zasekhaya ezifana no-Ali kunye no-Xiaomi abangena kwi-free-for-all, izithethi ezihlakaniphile zingena kumjikelezo wexabiso eliphantsi.Okwangoku, indawo yekhaya yahlulahlulwe, kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezikrelekrele ziyanda, nto leyo ezala iifom zemveliso eziqolileyo ezinje ngokukhanya okukrelekrele, iikhamera ezikrelekrele, iiswitshi ezikrelekrele njalo njalo, kwaye ivula ixesha lekhaya elinye elikrelekrele. indlu yonke ekrelekrele.Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nenkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo yeetekhnoloji ezine eziphambili ze-Intanethi yezinto, i-computing yefu, i-edge computing kunye ne-intelligence intelligence, inani elikhulu lezixhobo ziya kuba yi-AloT, kwaye ukudibanisa phakathi kwezantsi kunye nefu kuya kugxininiswa ngakumbi.Ngokwesiseko sobuninzi bedatha yedatha yomsebenzisi, imfuno yokwakha imifanekiso yokuhlalutya iya kuba nzulu.

Smart ishishini ikhonkco ekhaya: i-hardware ye-upstream ye-localization iyakhuthazwa, kwaye ipateni yokhuphiswano oluphakathi "ziindawo ezintathu zehlabathi".

Phezulu: Umphezulu wekhaya elihlakaniphile wahlulwe kwi-hardware kunye nesoftware.

Hardware:Iichips ezifunekayo kwikhaya elihlakaniphile ngokusisiseko ziyafana neechips eziqhelekileyo kwi-Intanethi yeZinto kwishishini.Okwangoku, ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kusekho abavelisi be-chip baphesheya, njenge-Qualcomm, i-Nvidia, i-Intel, njl. I-Domestic Lexin Technology igxininisa kuphando lwe-chip ye-AIoT kunye nophuhliso kunye nokutsha, kwaye ungomnye wababoneleli abaphambili kwintsimi ye-Wi-Fi MCU. chips kwi-Intanethi yeZinto.Amandla okutshintsha okumandla kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike yangaphakathi.Ngokubhekiselele kumlawuli okrelekrele, amashishini aphambili asekhaya anezabelo ze-heertai kunye neTopang.

Isoftware: Ingqwalasela ye-catalysis yesoftware yitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo ye-Intanethi yeZinto.Umgangatho wonxibelelwano olumanyeneyo ngokwentelekiso uya kwenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukwenza ikhaya elihlakaniphile lilawuleke nangaliphi na ixesha.Abadlali abakhulu basekhaya baquka iHuawei kunye neZTE.Itekhnoloji yamafu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhaya elikrelekrele, kwaye itekhnoloji yezobukrelekrele eyenziweyo ezifana nokuqatshelwa komatshini kunye nokuqondwa kwepateni nazo zihlala ziphucula amandla okusebenzisana kwekhaya elihlakaniphile.Iinkampani zoyilo lwasekhaya ziquka i-BAT kunye neHuawei.

Midstream: I-Smart home midstream ibandakanya abavelisi beemveliso ezikrelekrele kunye namaqonga, kukho iindidi ezintathu zamashishini ezithatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano.Amashishini ezixhobo zasekhaya zemveli, anje ngeGree, iHaier, iMidea, njl.njl., asungule iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zezixhobo zekhaya ezilumkileyo, kwaye ngokwesiseko seendidi zezixhobo zekhaya ezityebileyo, zisebenzisana nababoneleli benkonzo yesoftware ukwakha iqonga leecosystem.Iinkampani zetekhnoloji ye-Intanethi, ezifana ne-BAT, iHuawei kunye neXiaomi, ziye zandlala i-ecology yasekhaya ngoncedo lwabo lobuchwepheshe.Ngokomzekelo, i-Xiaomi isebenzise isicwangciso se-"1 + 4 + N", esithatha iifowuni eziphathwayo njengeyona nto iphambili kunye ne-smart TVS, izithethi, ii-routers kunye neelaptops njengokungena ukwenza i-matrix yemveliso kunye nokuseka iiplatifomu ze-IoT.Amashishini amatsha ahlulwe abe ziinkampu ezimbini.Enye igxininisa ekuyilweni kweemveliso ezikrelekrele, ezinjengoLuka, ize enye inike izicombululo, njengeOribo.

Umsinga: I-downstream ye-smart home yindawo yokuthengisa ejoliswe kumsebenzisi, eqonda ukuthengiswa kwetshaneli epheleleyo ngoncedo lwe-intanethi kunye nokuthengiswa ngaphandle kwe-intanethi.Iindlela ezithile zibandakanya: iqonga le-e-commerce, intengiso ye-O2O, iholo yamava asekhaya ahlakaniphile, njl.

4.4 I-Intanethi yesathelayithi ibandakanyiwe kwiziseko ezitsha, ingenisa imveliso enkulu

I-Intanethi yesathelayithi iyakuvala ulwahlulo lwedijithali, kunye nengeniso yesathelayithi ephezulu engaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-30 zeedola ngo-2024.Nge-20 ka-Epreli 2020, i-Intanethi yesathelayithi yachazwa “njengesiseko esitsha” okokuqala.Ngo-2019, izinga lokungena kwi-Intanethi kwihlabathi liphela lalingama-53.6%, kwaye phantse isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi “babengaxhunyiwe”.Xa kuthelekiswa nesikhululo esisezantsi, i-Intanethi yesathelayithi ineenzuzo ezinjengokugubungela ngokubanzi, ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye akukho sithintelo somhlaba, kwaye sesinye sezisombululo ezibalulekileyo zokusombulula ulwahlulo lwedijithali kunye nokwakha unxibelelwano lwehlabathi.Ngophuculo lwetekhnoloji, iisathelayithi eziphuma phambili ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo yesathelayithi zonxibelelwano zemveli.Ingeniso yoshishino lwesathelayithi ephezulu ifikelele kuthi kwi-9.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2019, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo malunga ne-30% phakathi kuka-2018 kunye no-2024. Eyona mithombo yengeniso ye-broadband, unxibelelwano lweselula, kunye norhwebo lwenkampani.

Ikhonkco leshishini lonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi landisiwe, kwaye indawo yentengiso ye-c-end yandisiwe.Okwangoku, ukuveliswa komhlaba kunye nezicelo zesathelayithi zenza i-90% yengeniso yoshishino lwesathelayithi, kunye neenkonzo ze-c-terminal broadband, iinkonzo ze-automotive kunye ne-civil aviation networking iya kuba yimithombo ephambili yengeniso ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ngo-2030. Okwangoku, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi Umzi-mveliso kunye noshishino lwethekhnoloji yolwazi lunokudityaniswa okunzulu ngokuthe ngcembe, iinkonzo zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi ziya kwenziwa ngumthombo omnye osebenza ezantsi kumjelo weenkonzo zolwazi ezongeziweyo, ezinjengokwenza imfuno yokuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo yonxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, ukuqonda i-Intanethi yezinto zesicelo, njl. ., lonke uxhulumaniso kubasebenzisi be-C ukubonelela ngezisombululo zonxibelelwano ezisemgangathweni.

Ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 yezicelo zesathelayithi ezigqityiweyo, okuphawula ixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwe-Intanethi yaseTshayina yesathelayithi.NgoDisemba 4, 2020, iTshayina yayisele imisele iisathelayithi ezingama-75, ikwindawo yesibini emhlabeni, kwaye yagqiba inqanaba lokuqala leprojekthi yayo yokuqala yesatellite ye-Intanethi yeZinto.Ngomhla wama-28 kuSeptemba 2020, i-China yangenisa ngokusemthethweni kwi-itu idatha yenethiwekhi yesicelo se-orbit kunye ne-frequency ye-constellation enkulu yase-China ene-orbit ephantsi, enesathelayithi ezili-12,992 zizonke.Ngokunyuka kwamandla eisathelayithi ezininzi kwirokethi enye kunye nokwehla kwexabiso lokuphehlelelwa, i-China iya kungena kwixesha elinzima lokusungulwa kwesathelayithi ngo-2021.

Enye yezinto ezifunekayo ukuze kugqitywe umsebenzi omkhulu wothungelwano lwesathelayithi kukumisa umzi-mveliso omkhulu wesathelayithi. Ngokubhekiselele kumashishini karhulumente, i-Shanghai Micro Satellite Engineering Centre, eyakhiwe ngokudibeneyo yi-Academy yaseShayina yeSayensi kunye nesixeko saseShanghai, iceba ukwakha i-satellite innovation factory kwisigaba sesibini.Isathelayithi yaseDongfanghong isandula ukusebenzisana neAihualu Robot ukwenza iautomate indibano yemveliso yalapha ekhaya yee-micro-satellites zorhwebo ngokusebenzisa iirobhothi ezikrelekrele.Ngokubhekiselele kumashishini abucala, iifektri zeSatellite ze-Yinhe Aerospace, i-Nintian Microstar kunye ne-Guoxing Aerospace ziye zasungulwa ngokusemthethweni, kunye ne-auto giant Geely nayo iqalile ukujoyina iprojekthi yesathelayithi.

Inkxaso-mali kumashishini abucala aqhubela phambili, kwaye ukusungulwa okuzinzileyo nokuzinzileyo ngundoqo. Njengoko itekhnoloji yokubuyisela i-rocket ye-Space X inciphise kakhulu iindleko zokuqaliswa kwaye yasungula ngempumelelo imisebenzi emininzi yeenkwenkwezi ezingama-60 kwishothi enye, utyalo-mali lweNdawo yorhwebo luye lwanda.Ukususela nge-4 kaDisemba, ngokolwazi olukhutshwe yi-36KR, ixesha elipheleleyo le-14 lemali yenzeke kwicandelo lezentengiso kwi-2020, i-8 ebandakanya isixa esingaphezu kwe-RMB 100 yezigidi.Phakathi kwabo, i-Satellite ye-Changguang igqibe i-RMB 2.464 yezigidigidi ze-IPO ezijikelezayo ngemali, i-Blue Arrow Space igqibe i-RMB 1.3 yeebhiliyoni ze-C + ngemali ejikelezayo.Emva kotyalo-mali, ixabiso le-Galaxy Space liphantse libe yi-8 yeebhiliyoni ze-yuan, libe lishishini lokuqala le-unicorn kwintsimi ye-intanethi ye-satellite, kwaye inkunzi igxininiswe entloko.Xa kuthelekiswa nezigebenga zaphesheya kwezilwandle i-Space X kunye ne-OneWeb, iinkampani zase-China zabucala zase-Space zisenomsantsa omkhulu kubuchule bokusungula, zibe zimbini kuphela kwezine zokuphehlelela imijukujelwa eyimpumelelo.Ukufezekiswa kwenkqubo evaliweyo yoshishino yeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ukusungulwa okuzinzileyo nokuzinzileyo kweyona ngongoma iphambili.NgoNovemba ka-2020, i-Xinghe-powered Ceres 1 yafakwa ngempumelelo kwi-orbit, kwaye uvavanyo lwendawo yeBlue Arrow lwaba yimpumelelo.Kulindeleke ukuba yenze inqwelomoya yayo yokuqala kulo nyaka uzayo.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba ixabiso lemveliso yeshishini lesathelayithi laseTshayina liya kufikelela kwi-600-860 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwiminyaka elithoba ezayo.Ngokutsho kwe-ITU, ikroza elicetywayo liya kufuna ukuphehlelela isiqingatha sesathelayithi zayo kwiminyaka emithandathu kwaye iqaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba esisithoba.Imeko engathandekiyo kukuba i-75% yeesathelayithi iya kuqaliswa kwiminyaka elithoba ezayo, kunye neesathelayithi ze-2,450, kwaye imeko enethemba kukuba i-100% yeesathelayithi iya kuqaliswa, kunye ne-3,500 satellites.Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiminyaka elithoba ezayo, ixabiso lemveliso yeshishini lesathelayithi laseTshayina liya kufikelela kwi-600-860 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.

Isicwangciso sotyalo-mali sicebisa ukwenziwa kwemveliso kuqala, kwaye emva koko ujike kwikhonkco loshishino lotyalo-mali olusezantsi.Sikholelwa ukuba inkqubo ye-Intanethi ye-Satellite Constellation iya kuqala ngokuveliswa kunye nokuqaliswa kweesathelayithi, kwaye emva kokuba uthungelwano lokuqala lugqityiwe kwinkonzo, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zomhlaba kunye nezicelo zesathelayithi ziya kuqala.Amathuba otyalo-mali lwesixokelelwano soshishino aqale atyale imali kwiinkampani ezisebenza ngesathelayithi kunye nokuqaliswa kwesathelayithi, emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe ajike kwiinkampani ezithengisa izinto ezisezantsi ezifana nezixhobo ezisemhlabeni, ukusebenza ngesathelayithi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesathelayithi.

Ukwenziwa kwesathelayithi: ekhokelwa “liqela lesizwe”, lincediswa ngamashishini abucala.Kwintsimi yokwenziwa kwesathelayithi, amashishini kaRhulumente amelwe yi-aerospace kunye namashishini omkhosi kunye neNational Defence Research Institute anamandla abalaseleyo kwaye ayakwazi ukufezekisa yonke i-satellite ukuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokuqaliswa kwemishini, ebambe isikhundla esiphezulu.Awona mashishini angundoqo karhulumente ekuveliseni iisathelayithi aquka: 1) Iziko leSihlanu leNzululwazi yaseMajukujukwini nobuChwepheshe, elizibandakanya kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe basemajukujukwini kunye neziphekepheke, kwaye liphuhlise laze lasungula iziphekepheke ezingaphezu kwama-200;I-2) I-Satellite yase-China (inkampani edwelisiweyo elawulwa yi-Fifth Academy ye-Aerospace Sciences), ene-multi-layer layout kwi-industrial chain yophuhliso oluncinci lwe-satellite, ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo yesicelo somhlaba, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-terminal kunye nenkonzo yokusebenza kwe-satellite;3) I-Shanghai Academy ye-Space Technology, isiseko esiphambili sophando kunye nophuhliso lweesathelayithi zemeteorological kunye ne-remote sensing satellites e-China;4) IZiko lesibini leSayensi ye-Aerospace kunye neShishini, inkokeli ye "Hongyun Project" yokwakha, njl. njl. Amashishini abucala okuvelisa iSatellite aneentsuku ezilithoba inkwenkwezi encinci, iSathelayithi yeChangguang, iTianyi Research Institute, iGuoyu Star, indawo yeQianxun, inkwenkwezi encinci ye-nano kunye nezinye. ukuqala, inkqubo yamashishini abucala iyaguquguquka, ingasetyenziswa njengesongezelelo esisebenzayo kumashishini karhulumente.

Ukuqaliswa kwesathelayithi:I-China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation kunye ne-China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation "ngamaqela esizwe" eerokethi ezithwalayo, kwaye amashishini abucala ekuqaleni aphumelele ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo.Iqela lenzululwazi ye-Aerospace kunye nethekhnoloji kunye neqela lesayensi ye-aerospace kunye neqela loshishino lithathe phantse yonke into ethwala umlilo kwilizwe lethu imisebenzi yokwakha i-Arrow, kubandakanya i-space technology corp., Uluhlu olude lwe-rocket lwe-rocket lunokuba lusuka kwincinci ukuya kwenzima, ukusuka kwi-rocket eyomeleleyo ukuya kwi-rocket injini yolwelo, isigqubuthelo se-tandem. yonke i-spectrum, ukusuka kwi-series-parallel type ukuya kuthutho lwangoku olude lwematshi I-rocket ye-carrier idlulile amanqaku angama-300;I-Casic's Pioneer kunye neerokethi zaseKuaizhou zincinci, iirokethi ezinemotor eyomeleleyo ezijolise ekuqalisweni kwe-orbit yomhlaba osezantsi.Phakathi kwamashishini abucala asanda kusekwa, i-Star Glory, i-Blue Arrow space, i-Onespace kunye ne-Lingke Space baye bagqiba ngokulandelelana umsebenzi wabo wokuqala wokuphehlelelwa ukususela ngo-2018. Okwangoku, iirokethi zabucala zonke zikwixesha lokukhula, kwaye uninzi lwazo lukwinkqubo yophuhliso. ukuxhuma ukusuka kwirokethi eqinileyo ukuya kwirokethi engamanzi.

Iinkampani zezixhobo zesathelayithi zahlulahlulwe, kwaye i-China Satcom inegunya elilodwa kwimisebenzi yesathelayithi.Isixhobo somhlaba wesathelayithi sahlulwe ngamacandelo amabini: izixhobo zenethiwekhi yomhlaba kunye nezixhobo zetheminali yomsebenzisi.I-China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, i-Satellite yaseChina, i-Big Dipper Star, i-Hage Communications, i-China Haida kunye nokunye kubandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezixhobo zomhlaba.Ekuphela kwenkampani yokusebenza ngesathelayithi eTshayina yi-China Satcom, elawula imarike yokusebenza ngesathelayithi.Abanye abavelisi bezicelo ezisekelwe kwisathelayithi baquka i-Aerospace Hongtu, i-Hualichuangtong, i-software ye-Hypermap, i-unistrong, njl.
5. Ukuqhuba ngobukrelekrele: Ubukrelekrele lelona thuba likhulu, kwaye ithuba eliphambili likuluhlu lokubonelela

5.1 Ngokungena kukaHuawei kwiimoto ezikrelekrele, ikhonkco lexabiso leshishini lijongene nohlengahlengiso.

Ubukrelekrele lithuba elingazange libonwe kule minyaka ingama-30 izayo.Ubukrelekrele bemoto sesinye sezona mboniso zibalulekileyo kwixesha lobuchule bokuqonda.Umzi-mveliso weemoto ukuya kuthi ga kumlinganiselo othile uphinda utshintsho ukusuka koomatshini abasebenzayo ukuya kwii-smartphones, kwaye ikhonkco lokubonelela ngemizi-mveliso kunye nekhonkco lexabiso liya kuhlengahlengiswa.Okwangoku, iteknoloji ye-ICT kunye noshishino lweemoto lwenzeka kubunzulu bokudibana, i-computing kunye nobukrelekrele kuya kuba yindawo entsha yokulawula iqhinga loshishino.Imarike yemoto yemveli, malunga nokuphinda kathathu ubukhulu bee-smartphones, icwangciswe ngakumbi.Malunga ne-1.8 yeebhiliyoni zeefowuni eziphathwayo zithunyelwe kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye imarike yehlabathi ixabisa malunga ne-500 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngokutsho kwe-IDC.Ngokutsho koMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe waBavelisi beeMoto, ukuthunyelwa kweemoto zabakhweli kwihlabathi ngo-2019 bezizigidi ezingama-64.34, kwaye iyonke yokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi ibizizigidi ezingama-91.36.Ngokusekwe kumndilili wexabiso lesithuthi somkhweli wama-200,000 yuan, imarike yezithuthi zabahambi yehlabathi iyodwa ifikelele malunga ne-1.8 yetriliyoni zeedola.Imarike yeemoto icwangciswe ngakumbi kwiHuawei kuneedola ezingama-500 eebhiliyoni zentengiso ye-smartphone.

Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ixesha, umgangatho wobukrelekrele bemoto uphuculwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ishishini leemoto liyaguquka ukusuka kwimveliso yemveli ukuya kwimveliso yetekhnoloji.Ngokutsho kwe-China Automotive Research kunye ne-Development Co., LTD., Kwiimoto ezintsha ze-573 eziqaliswe phakathi kukaJanuwari no-Oktobha 2020, i-239 iya kuba nomsebenzi wokuqhuba ukuzimela kwe-L1, ngelixa i-249 iya kuba ne-L2 yokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo.Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Okthobha wama-2020, umlinganiselo wokudityaniswa kwe-L1 kunye ne-L2 yokuncedisa umqhubi ufikelele ngaphezu kwe-40%, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke ukhula kwixesha elizayo.

Izinga lokungena kombane kunye nokufakelwa kombane likhula ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa ukuqhuba ngobukrelekrele kusekwinqanaba lokuqala.Okwangoku, nangona izinga lokungena kwe-L1 / L2 izithuthi ezidibeneyo ezihlakaniphile zifikelele phantse kwi-30%, elilingana nenqanaba lokungena kwee-smartphones zehlabathi ngo-2011, ukuqhuba okuhlakaniphile kwehlabathi kusekho kwinqanaba lokuqala lobukrelekrele.Kwixesha elizayo, ngokurhweba ngokuthe ngcembe kwe-5G-V2X, ukuhlalisana ngokubambisana kwemephu yenkcazo ephezulu kunye nendlela, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba elikrelekrele leebhayisikile, ukuqhuba okunengqondo kuya kuxhuma kancinci ukusuka ku-L1 / L2 ukuya kwi-L3 / L4 kude kube yi-L5.

Ukungena kweHuawei kwiimoto ezikrelekrele ngeli xesha lukhetho olungenakuphepheka oludibanisa isiphiwo sayo kwaye luthobela umkhondo weshishini.Ngokwembali, utyalo-mali olukhulu lweHuawei kumashishini amatsha luhlangabezana neemeko ezimbini: okokuqala, umthamo omkhulu wentengiso;Okwesibini, ukusuka kwinqanaba lexesha, imarike ingaphambi kokuphucula ngokukhawuleza kokungena.

UHuawei kutshanje ukhuphe isitaki esipheleleyo sesisombululo semoto ekrelekrele i-HI, kwaye imveliso ye-Intanethi yezithuthi yenziwe ngokupheleleyo. Nge-30 ka-Okthobha ngo-2020, uHuawei watyhila i-HI (iHuawei Intelligent Automotive Solution), uphawu oluzimeleyo lwezisombululo zemoto ezikrelekrele, ekusungulweni kwayo kwemveliso entsha yonyaka.Isisombululo se-HI esigcweleyo sesithuthi esihlakaniphile sibandakanya i-1 i-computing kunye ne-architecture yonxibelelwano kunye ne-5 iinkqubo ezihlakaniphile, ukuqhuba okuhlakaniphile, i-cockpit ehlakaniphile, umbane ohlakaniphile, inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile kunye nefu yemoto ehlakaniphile, kunye nesethi epheleleyo yamacandelo ahlakaniphile afana ne-lidar, i-AR-HUD.I-algorithm entsha ye-HI kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza ibandakanya amaqonga amathathu e-computing, iqonga lokuqhuba i-computing ehlakaniphile, iqonga lekhompyutha ye-cockpit ehlakaniphile kunye neqonga lokulawula inqwelo-mafutha ehlakaniphile, kunye neenkqubo ezintathu zokusebenza ze-AOS (inkqubo yokuqhuba ehlakaniphile), i-HOS (inkqubo yokusebenza ye-cockpit ehlakaniphile) kunye ne-VOS. (inkqubo yokusebenza yokulawula isithuthi esikrelekrele).

I-1) I-computing enye kunye ne-architecture yonxibelelwano. Ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yezixhobo ze-elektroniki ze-automotive, i-Huawei computing kunye ne-architecture yonxibelelwano ihlulwe ibe yimimandla emithathu: ukuqhuba, i-cockpit, kunye nokulawula isithuthi, kwaye inikezela ngokuhambelanayo kwiiplatifti ezintathu zekhompyutha kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.Olu lwakhiwo lunceda ii-automakers zemveli ukuba zikhawulezise inkqubo yezithuthi ezichazwe kwisoftware kwaye ziqonde imodeli entsha yeshishini enehardware enokutshintshwa kunye nesoftware ephuculweyo.

2) Iinkqubo ezintlanu ezihlakaniphile.I-Huawei iphucula uthungelwano lwe-terminal ye-teminal cloud cloud, ibonelela ngeenkqubo ezintlanu ezikrelekrele.Icala lokugqibela libonelela ngokuqhuba okukrelekrele kunye nenkqubo yamandla akrelekrele, inkqubo yolawulo yecala lenethiwekhi ekrelekrele igubungela uluhlu lweemveliso ezifana nemodyuli yonxibelelwano, i-T-box kunye ne-on-board network, kunye necala lelifu libonelela ngenkonzo yelifu ye-huawei esekelwe kwilifu elizimeleyo lokuqhuba kwaye Inkqubo ye-cockpit ehlakaniphile ye-HiCar.

3) 30+ amacandelo akrelekrele.Kukhuphiswano oluthe ngqo kunye ne-Tier1 yemveli, iHuawei iba linqanaba lentengiso elongezelelweyo leemoto ezikrelekrele, ibonelela ngokuthe ngqo ngezinto ezikrelekrele ezinje nge-lidar kunye ne-AR HUD kumashishini eemoto.

Okwangoku, intengiso ye-Intanethi yezithuthi kunye nokuqhuba ngobukrelekrele kulawulwa zizigebenga zeTier1 zamazwe aphesheya.Isikhundla sikaHuawei kukugxila kubuchwephesha be-ICT kwaye ube ngumthengisi wecandelo elongezelelweyo, ejongene ne-70% yemarike eyongezelelweyo.Ngexesha elide, sikholelwa ukuba iHuawei kulindeleke ukuba igcwalise isithuba sasekhaya kwaye ibe ngumthengisi weTier1 okumgangatho wehlabathi onjengeBosch kunye ne-Mainland China.

5.2 Ukuqhuba ngobukrelekrele: gqalisela kwimbono yoyilo + umaleko wokwenza izigqibo, iqonga lekhompyutha kunye nokukhula kwelidar okunamandla.

Inkqubo yokuqhuba ngobukrelekrele yeyona nto iphambili yokunyuka kwemoto ekrelekrele eyahlukileyo kwimoto yemveli, enokuthi yahlulwe ibe ngumaleko wokuqonda, umaleko wesigqibo kunye nomaleko wesigqeba.Okwangoku, iHuawei inesakhiwo sabo bonke.Umaleko wokuva (iliso kunye nendlebe) : ikakhulu ibandakanya iikhamera, i-millimeter-wave radar, i-lidar kunye nezinye izinzwa zokuqonda imbono yokusingqongileyo.Umaleko wokwenza izigqibo (ubuchopho) : kubandakanywa iitshiphusi kunye neeplatifti zekhompyutha, ezinoxanduva lokucubungula ulwazi, kwaye zisekelwe kulwazi lokuqikelela, ukugweba, kunye nokunika imiyalelo.Umaleko wesigqeba (izandla neenyawo: kubandakanywa ukuqhobosheka, ukuqhubela phambili, njl. njl., unoxanduva lokuphumeza imiyalelo kunye nokwenza izenzo ezinje ngebraking, ukuqhubela phambili, ukutshintsha indlela, njl. njl. Umaleko wesigqibo, ngelixa umaleko wesigqeba ungaphezulu malunga nokuphucula kunye nokulungelelanisa.

Siqikelela ukuba indawo eyongeziweyo yokuqhuba okukrelekrele (ukuqonda kunye nokwenza izigqibo) kwimarike yemoto yabahambi yaseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-220.8 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025 kunye ne-500 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2030. Phakathi kwabo, ixabiso lenqanaba lokuthatha izigqibo lelona liphezulu, Ibalelwa ngaphezu kwama-50%.Ngokwezinga lokukhula, i-computing platform kunye ne-lidar inokukhula okungcono kakhulu, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlangeneyo elingaphezulu kwe-30% kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.

Amathuba otyalo-mali: Olona hlumo lunamandla kule minyaka ilishumi izayo luya kuba kwiiplatifti zekhompuyutha, i-lidar kunye neekhamera zemoto, ezigxile ekuboneleleni ngekhonkco lonikezelo lwasekhaya kunye namathuba aphesheya.

I-Huawei inezixhobo ezomeleleyo kunye neenzuzo zeqonga lekhompyuter kwibala lokuqhuba ngobukrelekrele, kwaye ukuthatha kwayo inxaxheba ngamandla kuyanceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yorhwebo kulo lonke ikhonkco loshishino.Kummandla wokuqonda okunje ngekhamera, kuye kwavela inani leenkampani ezikhuphisana nehlabathi eTshayina, ezinje ngeSunny Optics, iHowe Technology, njl.Kwixesha elide, iiplatifomu ze-lidar kunye ne-computing zinombono oqinileyo wokukhula kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo, kwaye ngelixa ukhuphiswano luseluncinci kwaye i-landscape ikude nokulungiswa, ugxininiso lunokubekwa kwiinkampani zokuqala zorhwebo kunye nomhambisi wokuqala. inzuzo kunye nokukwazi ukwandisa kumazwe ngamazwe.

Inkampani ephambili kwishishini lasekhaya

Ikhamera ekwibhodi: ISanty Optics (i-lens yokukhanya), i-Weil Holdings (inzwa yomfanekiso)

Lidar: Lasai Technology, Radium God Intelligence, Sagittarius juchuang

Iqonga lekhompyutha: Huawei, Horizon Line Control: Bethel

5.3 I-Smart Cockpit: Inkqubo yolwazi lwemoto yeyona nto iphambili, igxile kubaboneleli abaneenzuzo ezikhuphisanayo kwihardware engundoqo, inkqubo yokusebenza/isoftware.
Ubukrelekrele buya kutshintsha ngokupheleleyo imodeli yeshishini lemveli, ukuthengisa iimoto akusayi kuba sisiphelo sokuzaliseka kwexabiso kodwa isiqalo esitsha.I-cockpit liziko lentsebenziswano yobukrelekrele phakathi kwabantu kunye neemoto.Kuyo yonke indawo yabantu, imoto kunye nekhaya, amava ahambelanayo emiboniso emininzi sisitshixo kwi-cockpit ekrelekrele.

Sikholelwa ukuba i-cockpit ekrelekrele sesona sicelo sivuthiweyo kwinkqubo yokuqhuba ngobukrelekrele,kwaye ubungakanani beemarike kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025 kunye ne-152.7 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan ngo-2030. Phakathi kwabo, inkqubo yokuzonwabisa yeemoto ithatha i-60% ephezulu okanye kunjalo. I-hardware kunye nesoftware ye-cockpit ekrelekrele sele iqalile ukwahlula.Iindleko ze-hardware ezifana neskrini ziyancipha ngokukhula kwezakhono zobunjineli, kunye nexabiso lokuzonwabisa kwesithuthi kunye nezinye isoftware zonyuka ngemisebenzi etyebileyo.Utyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lugxininise kubaboneleli beSigaba soku-1 abaneenzuzo ezidityanisiweyo kunye neenzuzo zokukhuphisana kwi-hardware engundoqo, inkqubo yokusebenza/isoftware.

Kwintsimi ye-cockpit ekrelekrele, ii-oems, i-Tier1 yemveli kunye nezigebenga ze-Intanethi zisondela kubadibanisi benkqubo ye-Tier0.5.Umkhwa wexesha elizayo u-crossover kunye nokudibanisa imimandla emininzi kunye nokuvula, kwaye ixabiso lidluliselwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-software / algorithm, isicelo kunye nenkonzo.Ugxininiso lwangoku kubathengisi be-Tier 1 abaneenzuzo ezidibeneyo kunye neenzuzo zokukhuphisana kwi-hardware engundoqo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza / isofthiwe.

Inkampani ephambili kwishishini lasekhaya

Inkqubo yokusebenza: Huawei, Ali, Zhongke Chuangda

Abadibanisi benkqubo yemultimedia yeSupcon: iDesai Xiwei, iQela leHuayang, iHangsheng Electronics

Ukuzonwabisa kwemoto: Baidu, Ali, Tencent, Huawei

Bonisa (HUD/ dashboard/central control screen) : Desai Xiwei, Huayang Group, Zejing Electronics

Abavelisi beChip: Huawei, Horizon, Allumbition Technology

5.4 Umbane okrelekrele: izinga lokungena linyuka ngokukhawuleza phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo.Kucetyiswa ukuba kunikelwe ingqalelo kumathuba otyalo-mali kwikhonkco loshishino olukhulayo olufana nemfumba yokutshaja kunye ne-semi-conductor yamandla esithuthi.

"Umbane amathathu" yinxalenye engundoqo yezithuthi zamandla amatsha ukwahlula izithuthi zemveli zamafutha.Siqikelela ukuba ubungakanani bentengiso yezithuthi zaseTshayina "inkqubo yamandla amathathu" iya kufikelela kwi-95.7 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2020, 268.5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025 kunye ne-617.9 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2030, kunye nesantya sokukhula esingaphezulu kwe-20% ngo-2020-2030.

Kucetyiswa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo kumathuba otyalo-mali lwekhonkco loshishino olukhulayo olufana nemfumba yokutshaja kunye nesemiconductor yamandla emoto.

Sikholelwa ukuba imfuno yoxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu kunye nolungelelwaniso lwemagnethi olusisigxina lwezithuthi zombane lukhuthaza inkqubo yombane ukuba idityaniswe kakhulu, imfuno ye-IGBT kunye ne-silicon carbide izixhobo zamandla ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye izixhobo zombane ezidityaniswe kakhulu zikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kokupholisa. inkqubo.Ukongeza kwiibhetri, iHuawei inesakhiwo esinzulu kuwo onke amakhonkco angundoqo ombane okrelekrele, nangona iinkampani zasekhaya kunye nezinxulumeneyo zenza ubudlelwane obukhuphisanayo, kodwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso loshishino, imarike ikude kugcwala, abatyali mali kufuneka bahlawule. ingqwalasela ethe kratya ekwandeni okukhawulezayo kwamathuba okungena kushishino.

Inkampani ephambili kwishishini lasekhaya

Inqwaba yokutshaja: Ibhetri yeTelai yoMbane: Ixesha leNingde, BYD

IGBT: Isalathiso sesiqingatha seNkwenkwezi, BYD

I-silicon carbide: I-Shandong Tianyue, i-SAN 'yombane wemifanekiso

ulawulo Thermal: Sanhua ulawulo olukrelekrele

I-5.5 Inethiwekhi yobukrelekrele: Intsingiselo yofakelo lwangaphambili lwe-Intanethi yeZithuthi, imodyuli kunye ne-T-box yeenkampani ezincinci neziphakathi zinokugqobhoza.

Sikholelwa ukuba imodyuli esebhodini, imodyuli yesango kunye ne-T-bhokisi zezona zinto ziphambili kwinqwelo-mafutha ukufezekisa umsebenzi wonxibelelwano ebhodini.Ngokwezibalo, indawo yexabiso lemarike yemoto yabahambi yaseTshayina yothungelwano lwebhayisekile kwixesha elizayo iya kufikelela kwi-27.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025 kunye ne-40.8 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2030. Phakathi kwabo, imodyuli yemoto kunye ne-T-ibhokisi yemoto iminyaka eyi-10 izinga lokukhula kwe-compound kwi-10. %.

Amathuba oTyalo-mali: Ii-chips zisengumdlalo wamakhwenkwe amakhulu, ii-mods kunye nee-T-bhokisi zenza ukuba iinkampani ezincinci ziphume.

Iichips zisengumdlalo wamakhwenkwe amakhulu, kwaye kukho indawo yabadlali abancinci ukuba bagqobhoze kwiimods kunye neebhokisi ze-T.Kwintsimi yeetshiphusi zonxibelelwano kunye neemodyuli, ii-giants ze-chip zemveli ezifana ne-Qualcomm kunye neHuawei zisengabadlali abakhulu.Umqobo wokhuphiswano lwetshiphu uphezulu, umvuzo unesisa ngakumbi, isigebenga siya kuhlala sigxile kwi-chip ixesha elide, imodyuli ye-chip iya kuzisebenzisa okanye ibonelele ngabathengi abakumgangatho ophezulu.Ke ngoko, kusekho amathuba okuba abavelisi bemodyuli yetshiphu yemveli bagqabhuke kule ndawo.

Inkampani ephambili kwishishini lasekhaya

Imodyuli yonxibelelwano: unxibelelwano olukude, unxibelelwano olubanzi

T-ibhokisi: Huawei, Desai Ciwei, Gao Xinxing

5.6 Inkonzo yelifu lesithuthi: Ithemba lenkonzo yelifu lezithuthi libanzi.Ngenkonzo yesitaki esigcweleyo, iHuawei kulindeleke ukuba ibambe

UHuawei usemva kwexesha kwicandelo leenkonzo zelifu lemoto.Ibonelela ikakhulu ngeenkonzo ezine zemoto ezongezelelekileyo ezizezi, ezizezi, ukuqhuba ngokuzimela, ukwenza imephu echanekileyo, i-Intanethi yeZithuthi kunye ne-V2X.Kwixesha elizayo, kulindeleke ukuba ikhokele kwi-multi-cloud kunye ne-hybrid cloud cloud trend with full stack-to-end benefits.

Iingxilimbela zetekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle zingena kwinkonzo yelifu lemoto, i-multi-cloud, ifu ye-hybridi kunye nezinye iindlela, iminyaka elishumi ezayo kukho indawo enkulu yokukhula, amaqabane oshishino kulindeleke ukuba afezekise ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nenkonzo yefu yemoto yeHuawei.Kucetyiswa ukuba ubambe amathuba otyalo-mali kwi-Huawei cloud service chain amaqabane ukusuka kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, idatha ukuya kwisicelo kunye nenkonzo ngokulandelelana kokudluliselwa kwekhonkco lexabiso.

Inkampani ephambili kwishishini lasekhaya

Amaqabane amaziko e-ICT: i-GDS, i-IHUalu, i-China Software International, i-Digital China, njl.

Amaqabane elizwi elikrelekrele: IFlytek, njl.

Amaqabane emephu echaneke kakhulu: imephu enemilinganiselo emine entsha, njl.

Amaqabane e-Intanethi yeZithuthi: iShanghai Botai, njl.

Amaqabane osetyenziso lweemoto: Bilibili, Uhambo olufanayo, uthando olunzulu mamela, Gedou, njl.

5.7 Amathuba otyalo-mali ngaphandle kweintanethi kubanini beemoto ezikrelekrele

"I-Intelligent" yilona gama elingundoqo kunye nomgca oyintloko wotyalo-mali lwethu kwixesha lezithuthi ezihlakaniphile.Ngokujikeleze umgca oyintloko wobukrelekrele, sikholelwa ukuba isantya esipheleleyo sotyalo-mali kwizithuthi ezikrelekrele kufuneka sibambe amaza amathathu.

Iliza lokuqala, ikhonkco lokubonelela.Sinethemba lokunyuka kwekhonkco lobonelelo lwaseTshayina ngeli xesha leemoto ezikrelekrele, kwaye sinokuwabamba amathuba otyalo-mali ukusuka kumacala amathathu.Okokuqala, amathuba okwanda kwehlabathi.Kwamanye amacandelo afana neebhetri, iikhamera, iimodyuli zenethiwekhi kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwezithuthi, iinkampani eziphambili zasekhaya zinamandla okwandisa kwihlabathi jikelele.Nje ukuba ungene kwikhonkco lehlabathi le-OEM yokubonelela, isikali sinokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza.Okwesibini kukwenziwa kwendawo yokutshintshwa kwamathuba, kwamanye amacandelo afana ne-IGBT yesithuthi, i-MCU, i-millimeter-wave radar, ulawulo lwe-thermal, ukulawulwa ngocingo, njl. isabelo semarike sokutshintshwa kwezigebenga zaphesheya kolwandle kwixesha elizayo.Okwesithathu, ithuba lokushukuma kwesekethe entsha, kumacandelo athile anje ngeqonga lekhompyuter, i-lidar, imephu echanekileyo ephezulu, izixhobo zamandla e-silicon carbide, ukungena kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha kusanda kuqalisa, ngotshintsho lwamashishini azimeleyo eemoto kunye ukunyuka kwamandla amatsha kwimveliso yeemoto zasekhaya, kulindeleke ukuba kudale icandelo elitsha lenkokeli yehlabathi.

Amaza esibini: ii-oems kunye nababoneleli besisombululo sokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo. Iimoto ze-Smart zibonelela ngamathuba kwiinkampani zeemoto zaseTshayina ukuba zitshintshe iindlela kwaye zigqithise iimoto.Ezo nkampani zisilelayo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zeemoto ezikrelekrele ziya kupheliswa.Lo mjikelo wokutshixiza usandula ukuqalisa, kwaye kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuba ugwebe ukuba ngubani ophumeleleyo.Sinokubona kuphela inkcazo xa izinga lokungena kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-China lifikelela kwi-20% ngo-2025. I-oEMS iya kwahlulwa ibe ziinkampu ezimbini.Uninzi lwamandla amatsha kunye nabanye abavelisi abahamba phambili bemveli baya kukhetha imowudi yokudibanisa ethe nkqo kwaye baphuhlise isoftware ephambili kunye nehardware ethile ngokwabo.Uninzi lwee-automakers zesiNtu ziya kubonelela ngezakhono zokuvelisa kunye nokudityaniswa, kwaye zisebenze ngokusondeleyo nezigebenga ze-ICT ezifana neHuawei kunye neWaymo elawula itekhnoloji yokuqhuba ezizimeleyo.Ii-oems ezivelayo kunye nababoneleli bezisombululo zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo, eziya kuthatha uninzi lweengeniso zolu shishino, ziya kuba ngabaphumeleleyo abakhulu kweli liza.

Iliza lesithathu, izicelo kunye neenkonzo.Ngokuthandwa kwesiseko sentsebenziswano yemoto ukuya endleleni kunye nokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lobukrelekrele beebhayisekile, imarike yentengiso ye-L4 yeemoto zabakhweli, inkonzo yeRobotaxi ingena ekusebenzeni kwesikali, kwaye izicelo kunye neenkonzo ezisekelwe kwiimeko zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo ziqala ukuqhuma.Ababoneleli beziseko ezingundoqo zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo, iinkampani zenkonzo yokuhambahamba, kunye ne-Intanethi ephathwayo yesicelo sezithuthi kunye nababoneleli beqonga benkonzo iya kuba yingqwalasela yotyalo-mali lwesithathu.

Sinethemba lokuba uHuawei kulindeleke ukuba agcwalise isithuba sasekhaya kwaye abe ngumboneleli omtsha we-ICT Tier1 yeedola ezingama-50 eebhiliyoni ecaleni kwe-Bosch kunye ne-China Mainland. Ukongeza kwiikhonkco ezimbalwa ezifana nokuveliswa kwemoto, ibhetri, i-radar ye-ultrasonic, umatshini we-infotainment we-vehicular kunye nezinye i-hardware enexabiso eliphantsi, i-Huawei inokwakheka phantse kuwo onke amakhonkco angundoqo okuqhuba ngobukrelekrele.

Sikholelwa ukuba inxaxheba kaHuawei iya kukhuthaza ushishino lokuqhuba olukrelekrele lwaseTshayina, ikhonkco loshishino lokuqhuba olukrelekrele kwintsebenziswano yebhodi elide, iinkampani zentsebenziswano ezihambelanayo kulindeleke ukuba zibe zezokuqala ukuxhamla.Njenge-oEMS changan, amandla amatsha e-Baic, ibhetri ehamba phambili ngamaxesha e-Ningde, abavelisi beemephu ezichanekileyo eziphezulu, njengemephu entsha ye-dimensional.

Kumacandelo angena okanye abekwe yiHuawei, njenge-lidar, iqonga lekhompyuter, i-IGBT kunye namanye amacandelo, ngenxa yokungena kweshishini eliphantsi okanye indawo yokuhlala sele iqalile, indawo yentengiso ye-TAM inkulu ngokwaneleyo, kunye nezinye iinkampani eziye zabeka. ngaphandle kwezi nkalo kusenamathuba amahle otyalo-mali.Ngokubanzi, ukuqwalasela ukuba ukungena kukaHuawei kwintsimi yezithuthi ezihlakaniphile kusekho kwinqanaba lokuqala, kukho iqondo eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki malunga nokuba ngubani oza kuxhamla kumaqabane oshishino kunye nokuba baya kuxhamla kangakanani, kunye nokulandelela okuqhubekayo okufunekayo kwixesha elizayo.

IHuawei igxile ekuqhubeni ngobukrelekrele, i-cockpit ekrelekrele, inethiwekhi yobukrelekrele, umbane okrelekrele, kunye neenkonzo zelifu lemoto, ezizezona ntengiso zibalulekileyo eziziswe zizithuthi ezikrelekrele kwixesha elizayo.Siqikelela ukuba ubungakanani bemalike eyongeziweyo yemarike yabakhweli yeemoto zaseTshayina buya kukhula ukusuka kwi-200 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-1.8 yetriliyoni yeyuan ngo-2030, ngesantya seminyaka eli-10 sokukhula okudityanisiweyo ngama-25%.Umyinge wexabiso lebhayisekile eziswa luqhagamshelwano olukrelekrele liya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-yuan eyi-10,000 ukuya kwi-yuan engama-70,000. Ukususela kumbono wesakhiwo, umbane okrelekrele wexesha elizayo, ukuqhuba okukrelekrele, iinkonzo zefu zemoto ziya kuphendula ngaphezu kwe-90%.Okwangoku, umlinganiselo ophezulu wombane okrelekrele ngaphezu kwe-45%, ukuqhuba okuhlakaniphile kuya kuba kumandla wexesha eliphakathi, ixabiso le-2025 libalwa malunga ne-31%.Kwinqanaba langoku, ixabiso lemarike yeenkonzo zefu zemoto ayikaveli, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iphendule kwi-12% ngo-2025 kunye ne-30% ngo-2030.

Phakathi kwamacandelo amahlanu akhankanywe ngasentla, abatyali-mali bayacetyiswa ukuba bagxininise kumacandelo anesithuba esikhulu sokwenyuka kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lebhayisikili, njengebhetri, i-lidar, i-computing platform, i-IGBT, imephu kunye nomnikezeli wenkonzo yesoftware, kunye nemodyuli yenethiwekhi yemoto.

Ishishini lokuqhuba elizimeleyo kwihlabathi likwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza.Ukuhanjiswa kwexabiso kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso kuya kutshintsha ukusuka kwikhonkco lokubonelela ukuya kubenzi bezisombululo zokuqhuba ezikrelekrele, ii-oems, kunye nezicelo kunye neemarike zenkonzo ngokulandelelana.Kucetyiswa ukuba kugxininiswe koku kulandelayo:
Ukuqhuba ngobukrelekrele: iSainty Optics/Weil (ikhamera yemoto), iHexai Technology/Radium Intelligence/Sagitar Juchuang (liDAR), iHuawei/Horizon (iqonga lekhompyutha), iBheteli (ulawulo lomgca)

I-Smart cockpit: i-huawei/ali/kechuang (inkqubo yokusebenza), i-huawei/horizon/chi iteknoloji (chip) umbane okrelekrele: iminyaka ningde/byd (ibhetri), ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha sesikhokelo/byd (IGBT), shandong iintsuku yue/ntathu AnGuang ombane (sic ), iintyatyambo ezintathu zolawulo lobukrelekrele (ulawulo lwe-thermal), (umnxeba) iimfumba zokutshaja ezikrelekrele ezenziwe: Yuyuan/Fibocom (imodyuli yoNxibelelwano), Huawei/Desesiwei/Gao Xinxing (T-Box)

Iinkonzo zeLifu leMoto: I-GDS/China Software International (iqabane leziseko ezingundoqo ze-ICT), imephu ye-4d eNtsha (iMaphu echanekileyo ePhezulu)

Iithagethi ezingundoqo ezintandathu

I-5G: I-China Mobile / i-China Telecom / i-China Unicom (umqhubi), i-ZTE (umthengisi wezixhobo eziphambili), uZhongji Xuchuang / Xinyisheng (imodyuli ye-optical), i-Shijia Photon (i-chip optical), iQela le-DreamNet (iindaba ze-5G)

Cloud Computing: Jinshan Cloud (IaaS), WANGUO Data/Baoxin Software/Halo New Network (IDC), Inspr Information (server), Kingdee International/User Network (SaaS)
I-Intanethi yezinto: unxibelelwano lwe-Yuyuan / i-Fibocom (imodyuli), uNxibelelwano lwe-Huweiwei (isiphelo), i-Heertai / iTopone (i-Smart Home), i-Hongsoft Technology (AIoT), i-China Satellite / i-Haig Communication / i-China Satcom / i-Hainengda (i-Satellite ye-Intanethi yezinto)

Izithuthi ezihlakaniphile: I-Horizon (iqonga lekhompyutha), i-Sun-Yu Optics (i-optical perception), i-Hexai Technology (lidar), i-Star Semi-guidance (IGBT), i-Zhongke Chuangda (inkqubo yokusebenza), u-Desai Xiwei (i-cockpit ehlakaniphile)

Sixhengxe.iingcebiso zomngcipheko
Imodeli yoshishino ecacileyo ayikabikho kwishishini le-5G 2C, kwaye kuya kuthatha iminyaka eyi-2-3 ukuba imboni iphuhlise isicelo sayo, kwaye ukuzimisela kwabaqhubi ukuchitha inkunzi ye-5G kunokuba ngaphantsi kunokuba kulindelwe;
Ukukhula kwenkcitho ye-capital ye-ICP kuyancipha, kwaye uphuhliso lweshishini lefu loluntu lungenakuhlangabezana nokulindela;Inkqubela phambili yamashishini kwifu ayikho njengoko kulindelwe, ukhuphiswano lweshishini luyaqina, kwaye i-IT yeshishini inkcitho iyancipha kakhulu;
Ukwenziwa kwalapha ekhaya kwesoftware kungaphantsi kunoko bekulindelwe;Inani le-Intanethi yezinto (iot) uxhulumaniso alukhuli njengoko kulindelekile, kwaye ikhonkco yezoshishino isala ngasemva;
Ishishini lokuqhuba ngobuchule alikhuli njengoko kulindelekile;
Imingcipheko yokunyuka kwengxabano yorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-United States.