iindaba

I-eriyali yethambo lentlanzi

I-eriyali ye-Fishbone, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-eriyali esemacaleni, liza elikhethekileyo elimaza amafutshane elifumana i-eriyali.Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo ngamaqoqo amabini e-intanethi ye-oscillator ye-symmetric, i-oscillator ye-symmetric ifunyenwe emva kweqoqo elincinci le-capacitor kwi-intanethi.Ekupheleni komgca wokuqokelela, oko kukuthi, isiphelo esijongene nolwalathiso lonxibelelwano, ukuchasana okulinganayo ne-impedance yempawu yomgca wokuqokelela ixhunyiwe, kwaye enye isiphelo idibaniswe kumamkeli ngokusebenzisa i-feeder.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-antenna ye-rhombus, i-antenna ye-fishbone ineenzuzo ze-sidelobe encinci (oko kukuthi, amandla okufumana amandla kwinqanaba eliphambili le-lobe, ubuthathaka bokufumana umthamo kwezinye iindlela), ukusebenzisana okuncinci phakathi kwee-eriyali kunye nommandla omncinci;Ukungalungi ukusebenza okuphantsi, ukufakela kunye nokusetyenziswa kunzima ngakumbi.

I-antenna ye-Yagi

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-eriyali.Iqulunqwe ngeentonga ezininzi zetsimbi, enye yazo iyiradiyetha, isiboniso eside ngasemva kweradiyetha, kunye nezimbalwa ezimfutshane phambi kweradiyetha.Isiqingatha esongwayo - i-oscillator yamaza idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiradiyetha.Ubuninzi be-radiation direction ye-eriyali iyafana nesalathiso sesikhokelo.I-antenna ye-Yagi ineenzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukukhanya kunye nokuqina, ukutya okufanelekileyo;Ukungalungi: ibhendi yefrikhwensi encinci kunye nokuphazamiseka okungalunganga kokuchasana.Izicelo kunxibelelwano lwamaza e-ultrashort kunye neradar.

I-eriyali yefeni

Inepleyiti yesinyithi kunye nohlobo lwentsimbi yentsimbi iifom ezimbini.Phakathi kwazo, ipleyiti yentsimbi yefeni, luhlobo locingo lwentsimbi.Olu hlobo lwe-eriyali yandisa ibhendi yamaza kuba inyusa indawo yecandelo le-eriyali.Ii-eriyali zecandelo locingo zinokusebenzisa iingcingo zentsimbi ezintathu, ezine okanye ezintlanu.Ii-eriyali zecandelo zisetyenziselwa ulwamkelo lwamaza e-ultrashort.

I-eriyali yekowuni ephindwe kabini

I-eriyali ye-cone ephindwe kabini ineekhoni ezimbini ezinemiphezulu yeekhowuni ezichaseneyo, kwaye itya kumphezulu wekhowuni.Ikhowuni inokwenziwa ngomphezulu wentsimbi, ucingo okanye umnatha.Kanye njenge-eriyali yekheji, ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-eriyali iyandiswa njengoko indawo yecandelo le-eriyali isanda.I-eriyali ye-cone ephindwe kabini isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala ulwamkelo lwamaza e-ultrashort.

I-eriyali yeParabolic

I-eriyali ye-paraboloid yi-eriyali ye-microwave ekhokelayo equka i-reflector ye-paraboloid kunye ne-radiator efakwe kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo okanye i-axis ekugxilwe kuyo kwi-reflector ye-paraboloid.I-electromagnetic wave ekhutshwa yiradiyetha ibonakaliswa yiparaboloid, yenza umqadi othe ngqo.

I-Parabolic reflector eyenziwe ngetsimbi ene-conductivity enhle, kukho ngokubanzi ezi ndlela zine zilandelayo: i-paraboloid ejikelezayo, i-cylindrical paraboloid, ukusika i-paraboloid ejikelezayo kunye ne-elliptic edge paraboloid, eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-paraboloid ejikelezayo kunye ne-cylindrical paraboloid.Isiqingatha se-oscillator yamaza, i-waveguide evulekileyo, i-waveguide slotted njalo njalo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiradiyetha.

I-eriyali ye-parabolic ineenzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, i-directivity enamandla kunye nebhendi yokusebenza ebanzi.Ukungalungi kukuba: kuba i-radiator ifumaneka kwintsimi yombane ye-parabolic reflector, i-reflector ine-reaction enkulu kwi-radiator, kwaye kunzima ukufumana umdlalo omhle phakathi kwe-antenna kunye ne-feeder.Imitha yangasemva inkulu;Iqondo elibi lokhuseleko;Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwemveliso.I-eriyali isetyenziswa kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave relay, unxibelelwano lwe-tropospheric scatter, irada kunye nomabonwakude.

Uphondo lwe-eriyali ye-paraboloid

I-eriyali ye-paraboloid yephondo inamacandelo amabini: uphondo kunye ne-paraboloid.I-paraboloid igubungela uphondo, kwaye i-vertex yophondo ikwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwi-paraboloid.Uphondo yiradiyetha, ikhupha amaza e-electromagnetic ukuya kwi-paraboloid, amaza ombane we-electromagnetic emva kokubonakaliswa kwe-paraboloid, egxininise kumqadi omncinci okhutshwayo.Iingenelo ze-antenna ye-paraboloid yesigodlo zezi: i-reflector ayinayo impendulo kwi-radiator, i-radiator ayinayo impembelelo yokukhusela kumaza abonakalisiweyo, kwaye i-antenna ihambelana kakuhle nesixhobo sokutyisa;I-radiation yangasemva incinci;Izinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko;Ibhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza ibanzi kakhulu;Ulwakhiwo olulula.Ii-eriyali ze-Horn paraboloid zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunxibelelwano lwe-trunk relay.

I-eriyali yophondo

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-antenna.Iqulunqwe yi-uniform waveguide kunye ne-waveguide yophondo kunye necandelo elinqamlezayo elikhulayo ngokuthe ngcembe.I-eriyali yophondo ineendlela ezintathu: i-eriyali yophondo lwefeni, i-eriyali yophondo kunye ne-eriyali yophondo oluyiconical.I-eriyali yophondo yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswa kwi-eriyali ye-microwave, edla ngokusetyenziswa njengeradiyetha.Inzuzo yayo yibhendi ebanzi yokusebenza rhoqo;Ukungalungi kubukhulu obukhulu, kwaye kwinqanaba elifanayo, umkhombandlela wayo awubukhali njenge-eriyali yeparabolic.

I-eriyali yelensi yophondo

Yenziwe ngophondo kunye ne-lens efakwe kwindawo yophondo, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-eriyali ye-lens.Jonga i-eriyali yeLensi ngomgaqo welensi.Olu hlobo lwe-eriyali inebhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza ebanzi, kwaye inokhuseleko oluphezulu kune-eriyali yeparabolic.Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunxibelelwano lwetrunk ye-microwave kunye nenani elikhulu lamatshaneli.

I-eriyali yelensi

Kwibhendi yeesentimitha, imigaqo emininzi ye-optical ingasetyenziswa kwii-antenna.Kwi-optics, iliza elingqukuva elisasazwa ngumthombo wenqaku kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwilensi inokuguqulwa ibe liza lenqwelomoya ngokuphinda kuphindeke kwilensi.I-eriyali yelensi yenziwa kusetyenziswa lo mgaqo.Iquka i-lens kunye ne-radiator ebekwe kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo kwi-lens.Kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-eriyali yelensi: i-eriyali ye-dielectric ethoba isantya kunye ne-eriyali yelensi ekhawulezayo.I-lens yenziwe nge-low - loss high - frequency medium, etyebileyo embindini kwaye ibhityile ngeenxa zonke.Iliza elingqukuva eliphuma kumthombo wemitha liyacotha njengoko lidlula kwilensi yedielectric.Ke i-spherical wave inomendo omde wokuncipha kwinxalenye ephakathi yelensi, kunye nendlela emfutshane yokuncipha kwi-periphery.Ngenxa yoko, iliza elingqukuva lidlula kwilensi kwaye libe liza lendiza, oko kukuthi, i-radiation iya kujoliswa.I-lens inenani leepleyiti zetsimbi ezinobude obahlukeneyo ezibekwe ngokuhambelanayo.Ipleyiti yensimbi i-perpendicular emhlabeni, kwaye isondele kumbindi, imfutshane.Amaza ahambelana nepleyiti yentsimbi

Usasazo oluphakathi luyakhawuleziswa.Xa iliza elingqukuva elisuka kumthombo wokusasazeka kwemitha lidlula kwilensi yesinyithi, liyakhawuleza kwindlela ende kufutshane nomphetho welensi kunye nendlela emfutshane embindini.Ngenxa yoko, iliza elingqukuva elidlula kwilensi yentsimbi liba liza lenqwelomoya.

I-eriyali yelensi inezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

1. I-lobe yecala kunye ne-back lobe zincinci, ngoko ke umzobo wesalathiso ungcono;

2. Ukuchaneka kwe-lens yokuvelisa akukho phezulu, ngoko kulungele ukuvelisa.Ukungalungi kwayo ukusebenza okuphantsi, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu.Ii-eriyali zelensi zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave relay.

Slot eriyali

I-slots enye okanye ezininzi ezimxinwa zivulwa kwipleyiti enkulu yesinyithi kwaye yondliwe ngomgca we-coaxial okanye i-waveguide.I-eriyali eyenziwe ngolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuba yi-eriyali eslotyolweyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-eriyali ekroliweyo.Ukufumana i-radiation unidirectional, i-cavity yenziwa ngasemva kwepleyiti yensimbi, kwaye i-groove idliswa ngokuthe ngqo ngumzila wamaza.I-eriyali estyiweyo inesakhiwo esilula kwaye akukho protrusion, ngoko ke ifaneleke ngakumbi kwinqwelomoya enesantya esiphezulu.Okungalunganga kukuba kunzima ukucula.

I-eriyali yeDielectric

I-antenna ye-Dielectric yilahleko ephantsi ye-high frequency dielectric material (ngokubanzi kunye ne-polystyrene) eyenziwe ngentonga ejikelezayo, enye isiphelo sayo esondliwe ngomgca we-coaxial okanye i-waveguide.I-2 isandiso somqhubi wangaphakathi womgca we-coaxial, ukwenza i-oscillator ukuvuyisa amaza e-electromagnetic;I-3 ngumgca we-coaxial;4 ngumkhono wesinyithi.Umsebenzi womkhono awukona nje ukunyanzelisa intonga ye-dielectric, kodwa kunye nokubonakalisa i-electromagnetic wave, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-electromagnetic wave iyavuyiswa ngumqhubi wangaphakathi womgca we-coaxial kwaye usasaze ukuya ekupheleni kwentonga ye-dielectric. .Iinzuzo ze-eriyali ye-dielectric yincinci encinci kunye nolwalathiso olubukhali.Ukungalungi kukuba i-medium ilahlekile kwaye ngenxa yoko ayisebenzi kakuhle.

I-eriyali yePeriscope

Kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave relay, ii-eriyali zihlala zixhonywa kwizixhasi eziphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke i-fidders ezide ziyafuneka ukondla ii-eriyali.I-feeder ende kakhulu iya kubangela ubunzima obuninzi, obufana nolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, ilahleko enkulu yamandla, ukugqwetheka okubangelwa kukubonakaliswa kwamandla kwindawo yesondlo, njl.njl. Ukoyisa obu bunzima, kunokusetyenziswa i-antenna yeperiscope, equka iradiyetha esezantsi exhonywe phezu kwayo. umhlaba kunye nesipili esingaphezulu esibonakalisi sifakwe kwisibiyeli.Irediyetha yesipili esisezantsi idla ngokuba yi-eriyali yeparabolic, kwaye isibonisi sesipili esingasentla yipleyiti yentsimbi.Irediyetha esezantsi yesipili ikhupha amaza ombane ukuya phezulu kwaye iwabonakalisa ekwipleyiti yentsimbi.Iinzuzo ze-antenna ye-periscope kukulahlekelwa kwamandla aphantsi, ukuphazamiseka okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu.Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kunxibelelwano lwe-microwave relay kunye nomthamo omncinci.

I-eriyali ejikelezayo

Yi-eriyali enemilo ye-helical.Iqulunqwe nge-helix ye-coaxial yensimbi eqhuba kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokutya komgca we-coaxial, umgca we-coaxial womgca ophakathi kunye nokuphela kwe-helix edibeneyo, umqhubi wangaphandle we-coaxial line kunye nenethiwekhi yetsimbi yomhlaba (okanye ipleyiti) ixhunyiwe.Ulwalathiso lwemitha ye-eriyali ye-helical lunxulumene nomjikelezo we-helix.Xa i-circumference ye-helix incinci kakhulu kune-wavelength, isalathiso semitha eyomeleleyo i-perpendicular kwi-axis ye-helix.Xa i-circumference ye-helix ikwi-odolo ye-wavelength enye, i-radiation enamandla kakhulu ivela kwi-axis ye-helix.

I-Antenna tuner

I-impedance ehambelana nenethiwekhi edibanisa isidluliseli kwi-eriyali, ebizwa ngokuba yi-eriyali tuner.I-impedance yegalelo ye-eriyali ihluka kakhulu ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngelixa i-impedance ye-output ye-transmitter iqinisekile.Ukuba i-transmitter kunye ne-eriyali ziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo, xa i-frequency ye-transmitter itshintsha, ukungahambelani kwe-impedance phakathi kwe-transmitter kunye ne-eriyali kuya kunciphisa amandla ombane.Ukusebenzisa i-eriyali tuner, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshatise i-impedance phakathi kwe-transmitter kunye ne-eriyali ukwenzela ukuba i-eriyali ibe namandla amakhulu asasazwayo nakweyiphi na i-frequency.Iishuni ze-antenna zisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, kwimoto, kwinqanawa nakwizikhululo zerediyo zamaza amafutshane.

I-antenna ye-Log periodic

Yi-eriyali ebanzi, okanye i-eriyali ezimeleyo.Ngaba i-eriyali ye-log-periodic elula ebude bayo kunye namathuba ahambelana nolu nxulumano lulandelayo: i-di dipole yondliwa ngeyunifomu yothumelo lweentambo ezimbini, etshintshwa phakathi kwe-dipoles ekufutshane.Le eriyali inophawu lokuba zonke iimpawu ku-F ziyakuphinda-phindwa ngamaxesha onke anikwe ngu-τ okanye uf, apho u-n iyinani elipheleleyo.Ezi zihlandlo zonke zibekwe ngokulinganayo kwibar yelog, kwaye ixesha lilingana nelog ye τ.Yiyo loo nto igama elithi logarithmic periodic antenna.Ii-antenna ze-Log-periodic ziphinda-phinda iipateni zemitha kunye neempawu zokuphazamiseka.Kodwa kulwakhiwo olunjalo, ukuba τ akakho ngaphantsi kwe-1, utshintsho lweempawu zalo kwixesha luncinci kakhulu, ngoko luzimele ngokuphindaphindiweyo.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-eriyali ze-log-periodic, ezifana ne-eriyali ye-log-periodic dipole kunye ne-eriyali ye-monopole, i-eriyali ye-log-periodic resonant engu-V, i-log-periodic spiral antenna, njl.Ezi eriyali zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho engaphezulu kwamaza amafutshane namafutshane.